Feed and Nutrition Intro Flashcards
What is nutrition?
The food materials required to produce healthy growth
Without proper nutrition we see…
Increases in disease and poor reproduction
In order, what organs does food go through in a monogastric digestive system?
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Colon
-Rectum
What is the mouth responsible for?
Manual and enzymatic digestion
What is the stomach responsible for?
Chemical digestion with a combination of enzymes and gastric juices
What is the small intestine responsible for?
Further breaking down food and water absorption
What is the colon responsible for?
Further water absorption
What is the rectum responsible for?
Pushing fecal waste out of the body
Nutrient requirements of water?
45-60% of an animals bodyweight
What is special about carbs?
-Not easily broken down by all animals
-As they age, lignin content increases and makes them less digestable
What is special about fats?
Stored fats can provide a source of energy and heat
What is special about protein?
Needed for growth, reproduction, lactation, and other bodily processes
What is special about minerals?
Needed for tooth and tissue formation
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
C and B
What are roughages?
-The fiber portion of the plant, usually the whole plant (stem, leaves, seeds)
-Low in energy
-High in fiber
-Low in protein compared to most concentrates
-Cheaper to produce and can be grown on the farm
What are some types of roughages?
-Dry hay
-Preserved hay/silage
-Pasture or grazed roughage
What is dry hay?
-Cut plant material that is allowed to dry to prevent mold or combustion
-Baled in a large bale(s)
-Grass grows back and is cut again
-Each cut is named for 1st, 2nd, 3rd
-Each cut gets higher in quality since it is younger
What are some types of dry hay?
-Grasses
-Legumes
What is the benefit of grasses?
High in fiber
What is the benefit of legumes?
Higher in protein and energy
What are some types of grasses?
-Timothy
-Orchard grass
What are some types of legumes?
-Alphalpha
-Soybean
-Clover
Straw is…
-A by-product of growing grain
-Is not grown for feed
-More fiber than nutrient
Straw is used frequently for…
Bedding
What is silage?
Plants are harvested and put into a silo while still moist
Silage must be stored in…
Anaerobic conditions to prevent yeast growth, fungal growth, and nutrient loss from fermentation
What are the common types of silage?
-Haylage
-Corn silage
What are some parts of haylage?
-Grass
-Legumes
What are some parts of corn silage?
-Corn stalks
-Ears of corn
What is special about corn silage?
It is a great source of energy
What is special about concentrates?
-Easily digested
-High in simple carbs (starch)
-Low in complex carbs (fiber)
What is the downside of concentrate?
More expensive
What are some types of concentrate?
-Corn
-Sorghum
-Barley
-Oats
-Wheat
-Rye
What are by-products?
Incidental or secondary products when making something else, making it a leftover
What is special about by-products?
Can be added to feeds to reduce costs and provide specific nutrients like simple carbs or protein
What are some by-products that provide energy with simple carbs?
-Molasses
-Beet pulp
-Citrus pulp
-Dried bakery product
What are some by-products that add protein?
-Oilseed meal
-Distilling grains
-Fish meal
What are some examples of vitamins?
-Thiamine (B1)
-Riboflavin (B2)
-Vitamin C
-Biotin
-Fat-soluble A, D, E, K
What are some examples of minerals?
-Calcium
-Phosphorus
-Sodium
-Chloride
-Magnesium
-Potassium
