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Intro To AG > Feed and Nutrition Intro > Flashcards

Feed and Nutrition Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The food materials required to produce healthy growth

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2
Q

Without proper nutrition we see…

A

Increases in disease and poor reproduction

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3
Q

In order, what organs does food go through in a monogastric digestive system?

A

-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Colon
-Rectum

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4
Q

What is the mouth responsible for?

A

Manual and enzymatic digestion

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5
Q

What is the stomach responsible for?

A

Chemical digestion with a combination of enzymes and gastric juices

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6
Q

What is the small intestine responsible for?

A

Further breaking down food and water absorption

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7
Q

What is the colon responsible for?

A

Further water absorption

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8
Q

What is the rectum responsible for?

A

Pushing fecal waste out of the body

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9
Q

Nutrient requirements of water?

A

45-60% of an animals bodyweight

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10
Q

What is special about carbs?

A

-Not easily broken down by all animals
-As they age, lignin content increases and makes them less digestable

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11
Q

What is special about fats?

A

Stored fats can provide a source of energy and heat

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12
Q

What is special about protein?

A

Needed for growth, reproduction, lactation, and other bodily processes

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13
Q

What is special about minerals?

A

Needed for tooth and tissue formation

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14
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

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15
Q

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

A

C and B

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16
Q

What are roughages?

A

-The fiber portion of the plant, usually the whole plant (stem, leaves, seeds)
-Low in energy
-High in fiber
-Low in protein compared to most concentrates
-Cheaper to produce and can be grown on the farm

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17
Q

What are some types of roughages?

A

-Dry hay
-Preserved hay/silage
-Pasture or grazed roughage

18
Q

What is dry hay?

A

-Cut plant material that is allowed to dry to prevent mold or combustion
-Baled in a large bale(s)
-Grass grows back and is cut again
-Each cut is named for 1st, 2nd, 3rd
-Each cut gets higher in quality since it is younger

19
Q

What are some types of dry hay?

A

-Grasses
-Legumes

20
Q

What is the benefit of grasses?

A

High in fiber

21
Q

What is the benefit of legumes?

A

Higher in protein and energy

22
Q

What are some types of grasses?

A

-Timothy
-Orchard grass

23
Q

What are some types of legumes?

A

-Alphalpha
-Soybean
-Clover

24
Q

Straw is…

A

-A by-product of growing grain
-Is not grown for feed
-More fiber than nutrient

25
Q

Straw is used frequently for…

A

Bedding

26
Q

What is silage?

A

Plants are harvested and put into a silo while still moist

27
Q

Silage must be stored in…

A

Anaerobic conditions to prevent yeast growth, fungal growth, and nutrient loss from fermentation

28
Q

What are the common types of silage?

A

-Haylage
-Corn silage

29
Q

What are some parts of haylage?

A

-Grass
-Legumes

30
Q

What are some parts of corn silage?

A

-Corn stalks
-Ears of corn

31
Q

What is special about corn silage?

A

It is a great source of energy

32
Q

What is special about concentrates?

A

-Easily digested
-High in simple carbs (starch)
-Low in complex carbs (fiber)

33
Q

What is the downside of concentrate?

A

More expensive

34
Q

What are some types of concentrate?

A

-Corn
-Sorghum
-Barley
-Oats
-Wheat
-Rye

35
Q

What are by-products?

A

Incidental or secondary products when making something else, making it a leftover

36
Q

What is special about by-products?

A

Can be added to feeds to reduce costs and provide specific nutrients like simple carbs or protein

37
Q

What are some by-products that provide energy with simple carbs?

A

-Molasses
-Beet pulp
-Citrus pulp
-Dried bakery product

38
Q

What are some by-products that add protein?

A

-Oilseed meal
-Distilling grains
-Fish meal

39
Q

What are some examples of vitamins?

A

-Thiamine (B1)
-Riboflavin (B2)
-Vitamin C
-Biotin
-Fat-soluble A, D, E, K

40
Q

What are some examples of minerals?

A

-Calcium
-Phosphorus
-Sodium
-Chloride
-Magnesium
-Potassium

Intro To AG (14 decks)

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