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Intro To AG > Intro to Ruminants > Flashcards

Intro to Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ruminant?

A

A hooved animal capable of acquiring nutrients from pant-based food by fermenting if in a specialized stomach prior to digestion

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2
Q

What are some ruminant animals?

A

-Cattle
-Sheep
-Goats
-Bison
-Deer
-Moose
-Elk
-Giraffes

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3
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of a ruminant?

A

Hooved, no upper incisors, prey animals

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4
Q

What kind of hooves do ruminants have?

A

Cloven hooves (split) with 2 weight bearing toes on each foot

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5
Q

What kind of dental setup do ruminants have?

A

Lower incisors, upper dental pad consisting of a hard palate of cartilage that opposes the lower incisors

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6
Q

What are the 4 stomach compartments of ruminants in order?

A

-Rumen
-Reticulum
-Omasum
-Abomasum

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7
Q

What makes up the forestomach?

A

-Rumen
-Reticulum
-Omasum

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8
Q

What is the ‘true stomach’?

A

Abomasum

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9
Q

Ruminant digestion maximizes the extraction of…?

A

Nutrients from complex carbs (ie. fiber)

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10
Q

Ruminants will grab food and swallow it without…?

A

Completely chewing it

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11
Q

Where does fermentation begin?

A

The rumen

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12
Q

What is the rumen referred to as?

A

The papillary stomach

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13
Q

The rumen takes up…

A

Most of the left side of the ruminant animal

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14
Q

Food undergoes what in the rumen?

A

Anaerobic fermentation by microbes

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15
Q

What are the microbes in the rumen?

A

Protozoa and bacteria

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16
Q

What does the rumen produce?

A

-Volatile fatty acids
-CO2
-Methane

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17
Q

Rumen contractions work to…

A

-Mix food with fluid from the reticulum and rumen
-Reguruate food
-Eradicate gasses produced during digestion

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18
Q

What is rumination?

A

The process of regurgitating food in ruminants

19
Q

The rumen and reticulum work together as a unit to…

A

Further digest fibrous material by rumination

20
Q

Food moves from the rumen to the what as it is ruminated?

A

The reticulum

21
Q

What happens during rumination?

A

-Animal regurgitates digested food
-Animal rechews and re-salivates food
-Animal swallows food back to the rumen

22
Q

How long does an adult cow on a hay diet spend on ruminating?

A

8 hours per day

23
Q

What is ruminating also called?

A

Chewing their cud

24
Q

What are volatile fatty acids responsible for?

A

70% of the ruminant’s energy supply

25
Q

What are some of the volatile fatty acids produced in ruminant digestion?

A

-Acetate
-Butyrate
-Propionate

26
Q

What lines the rumen?

A

Papillae

27
Q

What are papillae responsible for?

A

Absorbing VFA’s so they can be converted into energy

28
Q

What is the reticulum also called?

A

The stomach with a net

29
Q

Where is the reticulum in the body?

A

Cranial to the rumen

30
Q

What does the reticulum do?

A

Continues fermentation and acts as a functional unit with the rumen

31
Q

What kind of lining does the reticulum have

A

Honeycomb lining

32
Q

Describe the strcuture of the omasum

A

Hard and firm

33
Q

What does the omasum do?

A

Site of water absorption

34
Q

What is the abomasum?

A

The glandular stomach

35
Q

What is the most simular part of a ruminant to a monogastric stomach?

A

The abomasum

36
Q

What does the abomasum do?

A

Where the site of protein and microbial digestion begins

37
Q

What are the benefits of the ruminant digestive system?

A

-Allows animals to consume large amounts of food without chewing
-Conversion of waste products to high-value sources of protein
-Produces B complex vitamins
-Utilizes plant materials that are indigestible to humans (ie. cellulose) and turns them into high-quality digestible protein (milk and meat)

38
Q

How does an immature ruminant work?

A

-Ruminants are not born with a functioning rumen so…
-They function as non-ruminants for the first 2-3 months of life
-Shunt milk past the rumen and reticulum to the omasum directly

39
Q

What are cattle?

A

Ruminants belonging to the scientific category bovine

40
Q

What is the genius of cattle?

A

Bos

41
Q

What is a bos taurus?

A

European breeds

42
Q

What is a bos inducus?

A

Tropical breeds

43
Q

Breeds are further categorized as…

A

Dairy and beef breeds

Intro To AG (14 decks)

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