Intro to the chemistry of life Flashcards
organic and inorganic substances
What is the biological organization of life?
- Atom
- Molecule
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
What are organic compounds?
Molecules ( a group of atoms) containing carbon and hydrogen are compounds with several other elements (N, O, S, P). Originate from living organisms and decompose easily.
What are inorganic compounds?
Originate from the earth, contain Carbon/Hydrogen but never both and they are more difficult to decompose
Why is water so important?(inorganic)
- Water is a source of O2 (photosynthesis)
- Regulates body temp(sweating)
- Solvent for most biological reactions
- Habitat for many organisms
- Has polar (opposite) molecules
Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic
philic: substances that react readily with water (soluble).
phobic: substances that are insoluble in water
Minerals (inorganic)
They are elements essential in the normal functioning of cells, metabolic processes, and well-being. They take part in key chemical reactions.
Macro vs Micronutrients
Macro: nutrients needed in large quantities daily. (C, H,O, N,P,Ca and Mg)
Micro: nutrients needed in small amounts daily. (Fe, Na, I2 Iondine)
Chloride (macro)
Maintains fluid balance and pH.
Magnesium (macro)
Synthesis of DNA and RNA and boosts immune function.
Calcium (macro)
Strong bones, teeth, muscle contractions and nerve impulses. DD=rickets
Phosphorus (macro)
Component of ATP, DNA and RNA. DD=rare in humans
Sodium (macro)
Water balance and heart rhythm. DD=muscle cramps
Potassium (macro)
functioning of nerve cells and heart rhythm. DD=rare in humans
Iron (micro)
Helps from haemoglobin. DD= Anameia
Iodine (micro)
Component for hormone Thyroxin. DD= goitre
