COL: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the 4 organic compounds that make up all living things?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
What are macromolecules?
Huge molecules are called macromolecules. They are polymers (meaning that they are made up of monomers/building blocks)
What are carbohydrates?
- They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (in the formula CH2O)
- These compounds are responsible for short-term energy storage in living organisms and are the main structural components of plants.
Which 3 groups can carbs be divided in?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides (sugars) and Polysaccharides
What are Monosaccharides?
They are simple sugars with a 1-ring structure.
e.g. glucose, fructose and ribose
What are Disaccharides?
Complex sugars with 2 rings joined by glycosidic bonds .
Eg. Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
What are Polysacchrides?
Long chainlike C molecules (monosacchrides) that link together using glycosidic bonds .
They are macromolecules consisting of monomers and they are also complex carbohydrates.
Eg. Starch, cellulose, glycogen
Where is starch found ?
Chloroplast / Cytoplasm in plants
Where is cellulose found?
Cell walls
Where is glycogen found?
Liver in animals
Where is glucose found?
In sports drinks and honey
Where is fructose found?
In fruits and honey
What is galactose also know as ?
Milk sugar
What are simple carbohydrates?
Sugars that are broken down quickly by the body for energy.
What are complex carbs ?
Break down slowly and release energy slowly
What is glycogen
A polysacchride consisting of excess glucose in blood, which is then stored as glycogen until it’s needed.
The “animal starch” is highly branched and is a reserve carb stored in animal cells (muscle and liver). It is also soluble in water.
