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PHAN 1 LEC > INTRO TO SPECIAL METHODS AND ASH CONTENT > Flashcards

INTRO TO SPECIAL METHODS AND ASH CONTENT Flashcards

1
Q

natural substances

A

Vegetable or animal drugs

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2
Q

made to establish the purity, or to determine the
amount of therapeutically active constituents
present

A

Analysis of Crude Drugs

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3
Q

Analysis of Crude Drugs made to establish the purity, or to determine the
amount of therapeutically active constituents
present for the purpose of ________

A

standardization

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4
Q

Scope of Drug Evaluation

A

identity, purity and quality

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5
Q

identification of biological source
of the drug.

A

Identity

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6
Q

the quantity of the active
constituents present.

A

Quality

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7
Q

the extent of foreign organic
material present in a crude drug.

A

Purity

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8
Q

Methods of Drug Evaluation:

A

(1) Organoleptic
(2) Microscopic
(3) Physical
(4) Chemical
(5) Biological

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9
Q

It includes the visual examination of drug

A

Organoleptic

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10
Q

Gives the gross, morphological structure of
the sample

A

Organoleptic

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11
Q

Organoleptic Plant parts:

A

Barks, Underground
structures, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits,
Seeds

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12
Q

Color, odor, taste, texture, shape or
size

A

Organoleptic

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13
Q

Gives a more detailed examination of a
drug

A

Microscopic or Anatomical
Evaluation:

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14
Q

Microscopic or Anatomical
Evaluation:

Gives a more detailed examination of a
drug, even _______ (cells and
tissues) useful for plants DNA barcoding

A

histological stuctures

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15
Q

Physical contents or physical properties innate
or characteristic of specific compound in the
sample or the sample as a whole

A

Physical Evaluation

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16
Q

Physical Evaluation includes

A

✔ Moisture Content
✔ Viscosity
✔ Melting point
✔ Ash Content
✔ Extractive values
✔ Volatile oil Content
- Optical Rotation
- Refractive Index

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17
Q

Chemical constants or analytical constants,
determination of chemical constituents -

A

ash, moisture, crude fiber, and extractive

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18
Q

Tests to determine different and specific
chemical constituents

A

Chemical Evaluation

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19
Q

Tests to determine different and specific
chemical constituents -

A

estimation of
alkaloidal content, acid value, ester value
or phytoconstituents

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20
Q

They make use of various instruments for
evaluation like spectrophotometry,
chromatography, etc.

A

Physicochemical and
Instrumental

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21
Q

Determination of the effects of drugs upon
microbes, animals, as animal tissues

A

Biological Evaluation

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22
Q

This method requires special apparatus for their
performance and a technique that is not chemical
in nature.

A

Biological Evaluation

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23
Q

Digitalis

A

Pigeon

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24
Q

Insulin injection

A

HPLC (rabbit)

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25
Q

Glucagon Injection

A

Cat

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26
Q

Oxytocin injection

A

Chicken

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27
Q

Vasopressin injection

A

Male rat

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28
Q

Rat, same (but of either sex)

A

Corticotropin injection

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29
Q

Male rat

A

Vasopressin injection

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30
Q

HPLC (rabbit)

A

Tubocurarine injection
Metocurine injection
Insulin injection

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31
Q

Female rat (20-23days old)

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

32
Q

Sheep blood plasma

A

Heparin
Protamine sulfate

33
Q

Spectrophotometer (rachitic rat)

A

Cod liver oil

34
Q

Microbiological testing
Niacin

A

Lactobacillus plantarum

35
Q

Microbiological testing
Panthothenic acid

A

Lactobacillus plantarum

36
Q

Microbiological testing

Cyanocobalamin

A

Lactobacillus
lechmannii

37
Q

is the residue left after
incineration.

A

Ash Content

38
Q

Ash Content usually represents the ______
naturally occurring in the drug adhering to it.

A

inorganic salts

39
Q

Ash Content may also include inorganic matter added for the
purpose of ______

A

adulteration.

40
Q

High ash content =

A

adulteration, substitution,
contamination or carelessness in handling

41
Q

This may serve as basis for judging the identity
and cleanliness of a drug

A

Determination of Ash

42
Q

set a maximum limit on total ash
or acid insoluble ash

A

Ash standards

43
Q

Total ash usually contains

A

carbonates, phosphates, sulfates,
chlorides, oxides, etc. of calcium, magnesium, potassium,
sodium, aluminum, iron and other metallic elements

44
Q

is the residue after incineration
using the residue after acid treatment and it
represents

A

Acid insoluble ash

silica

45
Q

Very dull-red heat

A

500 to 550 °C

46
Q

550°C to 700°C.

A

Dull red heat

47
Q

Bright red heat

A

800°C to 1000°C

48
Q

will convert carbonates to
oxides and alkali chlorides
if present may lose some
chlorides by volatilization

A

Bright red heat = 800°C to 1000°C

49
Q

1000 to 1200°C

A

Yellow red-red heat

50
Q

White heat

A

1200 to 1600°C

51
Q

°C Ca carbonates -> oxides

A

825 °C

52
Q

°C – Ca phosphates -> pyrophosphates

A

1550 °C

53
Q

°C – Li carbonates -> oxides

A

600°C

54
Q

°C – KCl -> sublimes

A

1500°C

55
Q

represents silica AND SAND

A

Acid insoluble ash

56
Q

Use ASHLESS filter
paper

A

less than 0.007%
ash content

57
Q

Acid insoluble ash formula

A

% acid insoluble ash = wt
of acid insoluble ash x
100/wt of sample

58
Q

Water soluble ash
= represents

A

soluble chlorides,
alkali and
ammonium salts

59
Q

Water soluble ash formula

A

% WSA = wt of total ash – wt of
residue (upon treating with
water) /wt of sample x 100

60
Q

For determining ash content of expensive
chemicals.

A

Residue on Ignition

61
Q

Residue on Ignition
❖ For determining ash content of expensive
chemicals. Igniting the sample to ______
and residue should not exceed ______

A

dull redness

500micrograms

62
Q

volatilized and driven off under the
temperature range of 800 +/- 25 degrees
Celsius

A

Loss on Ignition

63
Q

Loss on Ignition
❖ volatilized and driven off under the
temperature range of

A

800 +/- 25 degrees
Celsius

64
Q

volatile matter of any kind that is driven off
at 110-120 degrees Celsius

A

Loss on Drying

65
Q

Loss on Drying
❖ volatile matter of any kind that is driven off
at

A

110-120 degrees Celsius

66
Q

When 2 consecutive weighings do not
differ by more than 0.5 mg

A

Constant Weight

67
Q

Constant Weight
When 2 consecutive weighings do not
differ by more than

A

0.5 mg

68
Q

use of the five senses especially the eyes

A

Organoleptic

69
Q

used in Botany

A

Microscopic/Anatomical

70
Q

identification of phytochemical constituents

A

Phytochemical screening

71
Q

includes the primary use of numbers or values

A

Chemical evaluation

72
Q

alternative for sheep blood plasma

A

chicken

73
Q

what vitamin is niacin

A

B3

74
Q

what vitamin is Panthothenic acid

A

B5

75
Q

what vitamin is cyanocobalamin

A

B12

76
Q

incinerator

A

muffle furnace

PHAN 1 LEC (13 decks)

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