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PHARM 124 > Intro to Solid Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Intro to Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need dosage forms?

A

convenient and safe delivery of accurate dosage
avoid drug degradation
to improve palatability
to provide in a form that can be administered
to control drug release rate

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2
Q

What dosage forms are out there?

A

Tablets
capsules
solutions
suspensions
emulsions
powders
ointments
creams

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3
Q

Steps in formulation development

A

pre-formulation studies
formulation
testing in a biological system

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4
Q

Advantages of Solid Dosage Forms

A

unit dose
cost of shipping
no breakage or leakage
masking taste less difficult
more portable
require less space per dose
good physical and chemical stability
elegant distinctive appearance which has a high patient acceptability

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5
Q

Disadvantages of Solid Dosage Forms

A

potential bioavailability problems
potential irritant effect on GI mucosa
occasional difficulty in formulation
manufacturing can be more technical or specialized

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6
Q

Physical Properties of solid dosage forms

A

flow properties when mixing powders
stability in the solid state
solubility and dissolution rate
biological activity

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7
Q

types of compounded powders

A

bulk powders for internal use
other bulk powders

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8
Q

Dissolution rate

A

the rate at which the particle dissolves.
By increasing the surface area, one may increase the bioavailability for some poorly soluble drugs, because there is often a direct relationship between dissolution rate and bioavailability and drug absorption.

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9
Q

Suspendability

A

the ability of particle to remain undissolved but uniformly dispersed in a liquid vehicle

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10
Q

Accuracy of Dosage Form

A

there must be uniform distribution of drug substance in a powder mixture or dosage form and to ensure batch to batch uniformity

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11
Q

Penetrability

A

the ability of particle to reach their intended location

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12
Q

non grittiness

A

do not want solid particle in dermal products to feel “gritty”. Finer particles allow for a smoother texture and better appearance and flow. This is also important for oral products such as chewable tablets.

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13
Q

chemical stability

A

refers to degradation reaction
smaller particles have an increased surface area, leaving them more exposed and vulnerable to reaction with oxygen, water and light

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14
Q

Flowability

A

effect on flow properties of powders and mixing of powders and granules
this is important in the manufacturing of tablets and capsules

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15
Q

Compressibility

A

effect on adhesion and sticking together when compressing granules into tablets
this is important in the manufacturing of tablets and capsules

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16
Q

Sieving

A

size is expressed in terms of mesh, where mesh is the number of openings per linear inch of a screen
therefore, the larger the mesh, the smaller the particles

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17
Q

Advantages of the Sieving method

A

inexpensive, simple and fast

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18
Q

disadvantages of the sieving method

A

does not provide as much information as microscopy

19
Q

Define monodisperse powders

A

powders containing particles of uniform size (RARE)

20
Q

define polydisperse powders

A

particle size varies a great deal

21
Q

Define comminution

A

the mechanical process of reducing particle size of a solid substance to a finer state of subdivision

22
Q

where the three manually operated procedures in a small scale comminution

A

trituration
levigation
pulverization by intervention

23
Q

define trituration

A

the process of grinding a drug in a mortar to reduce its particle size

24
Q

define levigation

A

the process of mixing a powder with a liquid or semi solid vehicle in which the powder is insoluble to form a smooth paste

25
Q

define pulverization by intervention

A

particle size reduction with the aid of an additional material which can be later removed

26
Q

what is small scale comminution

A

most commonly involves the use of a mortar and pestle

27
Q

Industrial Comminution

A

milling is industrial scale or mechanical process of reducing particle size

28
Q

List examples of milling equipment

A

coarse crushers
intermediate grinders
fine grinding mills

29
Q

Define trituration

A

using a mortar and pestle and mixing in a single operation

30
Q

define spatulation

A

blending powders with a spatula on a tile or paper

31
Q

Define Sieving

A

used to help reduce loosely held agglomerates or to increase overall effectiveness of a blending process

32
Q

Ideal large scale industrial mixer should

A

produce a complete blend rapidly with as gentle as possible a mixing action to avoid product damage
be easily cleaned and discharged
be dust-tight
require low maintenance and low power consumption

33
Q

Define oral powder

A

usually used after mixing in water
this dosage form is preferred by pt unable to swallow other solid dosage forms

34
Q

define topical powders

A

external application to the skin
most powders are used this way

35
Q

Definition of powder

A

a mixture of dry, finely divided drugs and/chemicals that may be intended for internal or external use

36
Q

Advantages of powders

A

flexibility in compounding
suitable for infants and young children who cannot swallow tablets or capsules
rapid onset of drug action because disintegration is not required
can be applied to many body cavities such as ears, nose, tooth sockets and throat
relatively good chemical stability

37
Q

Disadvantages of powders

A

potential for misunderstanding of the correct method of use that can lead to inaccurate dosing
undesirable for bitter or unpleasant tasting drugs
difficult to protect hygroscopic
time consuming to prepare uniform wrapped doses

38
Q

Advances of Powder formulations

A

particle size
taste masking
route of delivery
delivery device

39
Q

List other bulk powders

A

dusting powders
dentifrices
douche powders
others

40
Q

Explain what a dusting powders

A

medicated or non-medicated powders for topical application

41
Q

Explain what dentifrices are used for

A

dental cleaning powders
denture powders

42
Q

Explain what douche powders are

A

completely soluble powders
intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptics or cleansing agents for a body cavity

43
Q

Explain the need for bulk powders for oral use

A

a convenient method of dispensing nonpotent, powdered drugs, which hace doses that require large volumes of powder

44
Q

General Comments about bulk powders for oral use

A

usually dispensed in wide mouth containers
dose is measured volumetrically by the pt
often administered using a household measuring device

PHARM 124 (14 decks)

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