Biotherapeutics Flashcards
What type of organism is most antibiotics make from?
bacteria – specifically actinomycetes
What are used to develop viral vaccines?
immunogens
What are nucleic acid vaccines based on?
they are based on the nucleic acid coding for the antigen is injected
DNA plasmid then enters the nucleus, translated to mRNA for expression of proteins
Define antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)
a short DNA analogue that hybridazies with the complementary mRNA in a sequence-specific manner
What can the hybridization of ASO result in?
inhibition of gene expression resulting in reduced levels of translation of the target transcript
How does gene therapy work?
a normal gene may be inserted into a non-specific location within the genome to replace a gene that is not functional
this causes the regulation of a particular gene to be altered
What is ex vivo gene therapy?
you remove the tumor and re-infuse locally with cultured cells
What is in vivo gene therapy?
some organs are less suited for ex vivo as culture of target cells or transplantation is not feasible, it is just inserted into the organ
What is luxturna?
first FDA approved gene therapy
used for retinal dystrophy
helps pt who experience gradual loss of peripheral and central vision
How are antibodies helping with cancer treatments?
once a cancer cell is identified they give a antibody that reacts with a specific marker on the cancer to deliver the drugs to the cancerous cells
What is polyclonal antibodies?
antibodies that all attack the same protein just at different point on it
What are hybridomas?
fuse mouse antibody forming cell with a cancer cell so that they will proliferate in culture
What can non functional HGPRT do?
can stop the assembly of nucleotide from salvage pathway and makes the metastatic tumor cells sensitive to HAT media as the preferred method in hybridoma technology
What do monoclonal antibodies end with?
mab
What are monospecific antibodies?
are the same as each other because they are made by one type of immune cell which are all clones of a unique parent cell (B cell)
