Intro to Sociology

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

The study of human social life, groups, and societies

Question 2

Social Imagination

Answer 2

Viewing problems as public issues rather than just personal problems

Question 3

Conflict Theory

Answer 3

Society is a competition for limited resources

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

society is a structure with interrelated parts that works to meet the biological and social needs of individuals

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

a group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs

Question 4

Functions

Answer 4

the part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to the structure of the community

Question 4

Dysfunction

Answer 4

social patterns that have undesirable consequences for society

Question 4

Symbolic-Interactionism

Answer 4

examine the relationships of individuals within a society by studying their communication

Question 4

Constructivism

Answer 4

extension of symbolic interactionism; proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be

Question 5

Latent Functions

Answer 5

the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

Question 5

Manifest Functions

Answer 5

sought consequences of a social process

Question 5

Positivism

Answer 5

study of social patterns

Question 5

Social Facts

Answer 5

the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all cultural rules that govern social life

Question 6

August Comte

Answer 6

coined the term sociology, believed it could be used to improve people’s lives

Question 7

Emile Durkheim

Answer 7

studied how society affects people, interested in what they need to function smoothly

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

developed a materialist view of history, focused on the ills of capitalism and the class system, predicted that class dissent would lead to uprising

Question 9

Max Weber

Answer 9

focused on individuals and their values, specifically how Christianity played an important role in capitalism

Question 10

Values

Answer 10

Ideals that a society holds above all others

Question 11

Socialization

Answer 11

the process of social interaction through which people acquire both personality and identity and the way of life of their society

Question 12

Socialization

Answer 12

carries on norms and values of society

Question 13

Primary Socialization

Answer 13

sharing culture within a family group

Question 14

Erving Goffman

Answer 14

Three reasons why studying social life matter: a) everyday routines show the structures of our lives, b) interactions reveal the importance of human agency and society as a whole, and c) dramaturgical model

Question 15

Impression Management

Answer 15

actively controlling the way others perceive you; crucial to identity construction

Question 16

Social Groups

Answer 16

people who interact with each other and share a sense of identity

Question 17

Social Norms

Answer 17

a shared set of social expectations and values

Question 18

Types of social groups:

Answer 18

Social aggregates, social categories, primary (close and intimate), and secondary (large and impersonal)

Question 19

Deviance

Answer 19

what does not conform to the rules or norms of a society or community

Question 20

Consequences of Deviance

Answer 20

Sanctions

Question 21

Social stratification

Answer 21

structure inequality between groups

Question 22

Three primary characteristics of social stratification

Answer 22

a) groups are stratified into shared characteristics within a system of inequality, b) the hierarchy of a social group within the stratification is based on the opportunities the group has, and c) the rankings of different groups change slowly

Question 23

Absolute Poverty

Answer 23

can’t provide for themselves in a reasonable way

Question 24

Relative Poverty

Answer 24

a measure relative to a decent standard of living in a given society