Intro to reproductive system

Question 1

where does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 1

sertoli cells

Question 2

Principle sources of sex steroids include the

Answer 2

gonads, the adrenal cortex, and the placenta

Question 3

Cholesterol is converted into steroid
hormones. The initial and rate-limiting step in these reactions is catalyzed by the cholesterol side
chain cleavage enzyme located in the mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme is also known as

Answer 3

20,22 desmolase.

Question 4

In addition to being sex steroids, progestins are also

precursors for the production of _____

Answer 4

aldosterone and cortisol by the adrenal gland

Question 5

17-hydroxy-progesterone is an excellent marker for late-onset ______

Answer 5

congenital

adrenal hyperplasia

Question 6

_____ are the 19-carbon sex steroids derived from cholesterol via pregnenolone.

Answer 6

Androgens

Question 7

________ are the 18-carbon sex steroids derived from cholesterol via pregnenolone.

Answer 7

Estrogens

Question 8

Androgens are converted into the estrogens via an enzyme known as _______

Answer 8

aromatase

Question 9

Estradiol is the major circulating estrogen and is produced by the _____ cells of the ovary in
females and by the _____ cells of the testes in males

Answer 9

granulosa,

Sertoli

Question 10

Most of the GnRH originates in neurons of the _____ and _____ of the hypothalamus.

Answer 10

arcuate nucleus and preoptic area

Question 11

The male Leydig and female theca cells are interstitial cells and have many features in common.
These include _____

Answer 11

1) the presence of LH receptors,
2) the ability to make androgens,
3) the inability to make estrogens due to the absence of aromatase.

Question 12

The male Sertoli and female granulosa cells are immediately adjacent to the developing gametes
and also have many features in common. These include _____

Answer 12

1) the presence of FSH receptors,
2) the ability to make inhibin,
3) the ability to convert androgens into estrogens due to the presence of aromatase.

Question 13

The Sertoli cells are organized into a

tubular epithelium known as the ______

Answer 13

seminiferous tubule

Question 14

The theca cells are located in the ovarian stroma surrounding the follicles and are similar to the
_____ cells in the male

Answer 14

Leydig

Question 15

The gametes and their surrounding granulosa cells are called ______

Answer 15

primordial follicles