Hypothalamic Control of the Pituitary Gland

Question 1

hormone secretion from hypothalamic neurons is _______-dependent.

Answer 1

calcium

Question 2

TRH stands for _______

Answer 2

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Question 3

GnRH stands for _____

Answer 3

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 4

CRH stands for ______

Answer 4

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 5

GHRH stands for ______

Answer 5

Growth hormone releasing factor (hormone)

Question 6

Somatostatin is also called

Answer 6

GH inhibiting hormone (GIH)

Question 7

hormones of the anterior pituitary are secreted from the _____

Answer 7

pars distalis (anterior lobe)

Question 8

TRH acts on cells called ______ to stimulate the secretion of _______

Answer 8

thyrotrophs,

TSH

Question 9

CRH acts on _____ to stimulate the secretion

of _______ and ________.

Answer 9

corticotrophs,
corticotropin (ACTH),
proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

Question 10

prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH, thought to be DA) and prolactin releasing factor (PRF, perhaps TRH?) act on _______ to inhibit and stimulate, respectively, the secretion of prolactin (PRL)

Answer 10

mammotrophs

Question 11

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a derivative of a prohormone called ______

Answer 11

proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

Question 12

Posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus in two nuclei _______

Answer 12

the supraoptic nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus.

Question 13

The supraoptic nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus have which two cell types, both of which produce posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 13

1) the magnocellular neurons, whose
processes extend into the posterior pituitary and end in the pars nervosa.
2) the parvocellular neurons, which end at the median eminence

Question 14

The neurohypophysis secretes two non-peptides, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and oxytocin. Both are synthesized in the cell bodies of large hypothalamic neurons known as ______

Answer 14

magnocellular neurons.

Question 15

ADH is secreted in response to ________

Answer 15

an increase in plasma osmolarity or a decrease in

blood pressure.

Question 16

What are two kinds of ADH receptors?

Answer 16

V1 coupled to Gq and the Phospholipase C
pathway, mediates the vasopressive action of ADH.
V2 coupled to Gs and the cAMP
pathway regulates the effects of ADH on glomerular filtration rates in the kidney.

Question 17

Oxytocin is secreted in what three situations?

Answer 17

1. During the passage of the infant through the cervix at childbirth.
2. During sexual intercourse.
3. In response to suckling by the infant during breast-feeding. This neuroendocrine reflex
   can be conditioned