endocrine histology

Question 1

The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, made up of the _______

Answer 1

pars distalis, pars intermedia,

and pars tuberalis.

Question 2

The anterior pituitary is derived embryonically from an outgrowth of oral ectoderm called _______, while the posterior pituitary is really an extension of the _____

Answer 2

Rathke’s pouch,

brain (the hypothalamus).

Question 3

what is Pars Tuberalis and the hypophyseal portal system:

Answer 3

A collar of cells around the infundibular stalk contains blood vessels that lead from capillaries of the median
hypothalamic eminence to small vessels/capillaries of the pars distalis.

Question 4

Blood supply to the thyroid is via the ______

Answer 4

inferior thyroid artery (from the thyrocervical trunk) and the superior thyroid artery (from the
external carotid artery)

Question 5

drainage of the thyroid is from the ______

Answer 5

inferior thyroid vein (to the subclavian vein) and

the superior thyroid vein (to the jugular vein)

Question 6

the parathyroid glands contain what three main cell types

Answer 6

(1) Chief cells: produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), a protein of 84 amino acids. It increases osteoclast activity which results in release of calcium from bone, and increases calcium uptake in the GI tract and kidney, which elevates calcium levels.
(2) Oxyphil cells: contain a number of mitochondria, usually stain paler, functional significance remains unknown
(3) Adipose cells

Question 7

the Zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex produces ______

Answer 7

mineralocorticoids, most notably aldosterone

Question 8

The Zona fasciculata cells of the adrenal cortex produces _____

Answer 8

glucocorticoids such as cortisol

Question 9

The Zona reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex produces _______

Answer 9

Androgens of modest potency

Question 10

The fasciculata and reticularis are controlled by ________ whereas the glomerulosa is regulated through the ________

Answer 10

ACTH,

angiotensin system.