Hormones and Receptors Flashcards
Most peptide and protein hormones are transported in the blood as free hormones except for ______
growth hormone, prolactin, and Insulin-like growth factor
why is the half-life of peptide and protein hormones limited?
because of proteases in the blood
In the blood, ______ hormones exist in equilibrium between free and bound forms and at any given time only a small fraction of the hormone (1-5%) exists in
the free form.
steroid
the ____ form of steroid hormones is
biologically active
free
The two major methods for measuring hormone levels are ______
1) bioassays
and 2) immunoassays.
growth hormone and prolactin have receptors that
belong to the _______ family of receptors
JAK/STAT
Once steroid hormones reach their target cells, they enter the cell and bind to their receptors in
the ______ or ________. The receptor-hormone complexes then bind to _____ and activate transcription of specific genes.
cytosol,
nucleus,
specific hormone responsive elements (HRE)
An example of a positive feedback loop in endocrinology is the _______.
production of oxytocin during the birthing process
name the hormones derived from tyrosine
epinephrine
Norepinephrine
dopamine
thyroxine
name the hormones derived from steroids
cortisol estrogen testosterone aldosterone Vitamin D progesterone
name the peptide hormones
oxytocin vasopressin angiotensin thyrotropin releasing hormone gonadotropin releasing hormone
name the protein hormones
Insulin glucagon growth hormone (GH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) Prolactin Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)
which hormones regulate water and mineral metobolism
vitamin D
aldosterone
vasopressin
which hormones regulate energy metabolism
insulin
glucagon
cortisol
which hormones regulate reproduction
estrogen
progesterone
testosterone
