Intro to Psych Final Flashcards
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavioral and mental processes
4 Goals of Psychology & Definitions
Description- Nature of Behavior
Understanding- Cause
Prediction- Forecast
Control- ability to alter
Who is the father of Psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt, 1st psych lab in Leipzig, Germany
What is Empirical Evidence?
Any type of evidence gathered through direct observation
4 Stages of Piaget
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operations
Sensorimotor
object permanence
Preoperational
lack of image transformation
Concrete Operational
mastery of conservation
Formal Operational
Intellectual Development
What do adolescents struggle with the most?
Self-identification
Cognitive Psychologist
Focuses on how you process information in the brain
Developmental Psychologist
focuses on progress in life from conception to death, behavioral
What is REM sleep?
Rapid Eye Movement, where dreaming occurs, return to stage 1 of sleep
What is Freud’s theory of dreaming?
2 reason; internal conflict or wishful fulfillments
What is learning?
A change in behavior that can be attributed to experience
Classical Conditioning
A form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with a new stimuli
Operant Conditions
Learning based on the consequences of responding
What are the three stages of memory?
Sensory, Short term, Long term
What is the hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs, safety/security, love/belonging, self esteem/esteem, self actualization
What is gender roles?
The forward pattern of behavior expected of each sex
What is gender identity?
One’s private sense of femaleness or maleness
What is gender?
All psychological and social traits associated with being female or male
What is sex?
Being male or female and intercourse/ reproduction
What is Freud’s theory of personality?
ID- Pleasure Impulses
Ego- relates desires of ID to reality
Superego- judge of ego (guilt and pride)
What is health Psychology?
Study of the ways in which behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health
What is psychopathology?
The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
What are psycho-somatic disorder?
Psychological factors that contribute to actual bodily damage
What is somatization disorders?
People express their anxieties through various bodily complaints with no organic cause for their distress
What is the book psychologists use to clarify a disorder?
Diagnostic and Satistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-iv/5)
What is social psychology?
The scientific study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations
Prejudice
Negative emotional attitude held towards members of of a group of people
Discrimination
treating member of various social groups unequally
What is social stereotypes?
Oversimplified images of the traits of individuals who belong to a particular social group
Why is it important to study psychology?
To aid with interaction with others
What is critical thinking?
A type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific exploration ad observation
What is motivation?
Internal processes that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate activities
What is a neuron?
An individual nerve cell
Know the differences between the left and right brain
Left- analysis
right- emotion
Know the IQ formula
Mental age
———————– X 100 = IQ
Chronological Age
What is sensation and perception?
sensation- the physical stimulation of sensory organs
perception- the organization of sensations into meaningful patterns
What is consciousness?
Awareness
What is the ultimate erogenous zone?
the most pleasurable area of the body
Which drugs impact us sexually?
All of them
