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A and P Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

scientific study of cells

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2
Q

Cell Shapes

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, polygonal, stellate, speroidal to ovoid, discoid, fusiform, fibrous

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3
Q

Micrometer

A

most useful measurement for cell sizes

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

fluid between nucleus and surface membrane

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5
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

fluid surrounding cell, made of proteins and lipids

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF) clear gel where cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions are suspended

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7
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

ECF, all body fluids not contained in cells

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8
Q

Transmembrane Proteins

A

proteins that pass completely through the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer but adhere to one face of it, receptors, second messenger systems, enzymes, channel proteins, carriers, cell identity markers

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10
Q

Glycocalyx

A

fuzzy coat on animal cells

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11
Q

Microvilli

A

extensions of the plasma membrane that increase a cell’s surface area

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12
Q

Cilia

A

hairlike processes

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13
Q

Falagella

A

only one fuctional flagellum, tail of sperm

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14
Q

Pseudopods

A

cytoplasm-filled extensions of the cell varying in shape

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15
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

plasma membrane, allos some things through but usually prevents other things

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16
Q

Filtration

A

process in which a physical pressure forces fluid through selective permeable membrane

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17
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

net movement of particles from high concentration to lower concentration

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18
Q

Osmosis

A

net flow of water from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other

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19
Q

Aquaporins

A

channel proteins specialized for passage of water

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20
Q

Reverse Osmosis

A

process in which a mechanical pressure is applied to one side of membrane and water is forced against its concentration gradient

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21
Q

Osmolality

A

number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of water

22
Q

Osmolarity

A

number of osmoles per liter of solution

23
Q

Tonicity

A

ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell

24
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower concentration of nonpermeating solutes than the ICF

25
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher concentration of nonpermeating solutes than the ICF

26
Q

Isotonic

A

concentration of nonpermeating solutes equal to ICF

27
Q

Carrier-Mediated Transport

A

a solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane, changes shape, and releases it on the other side

28
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

carrier mediated transport of a solute down its concentration gradient

29
Q

Primary Active transport

A

carrier moves solute against concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP

30
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

membrane carrier that removes 3 sodiums, brings 2 potassium ions, and hydrolyzes 1 molecule of ATP

31
Q

Vesicular Transport

A

moves large particles, droplets of fluid, or numerous molecules through the membrane in vesicles

32
Q

Vesicles

A

bubblelike capsules that pass through membrane

33
Q

Endocytosis

A

bringing matter into the cell

34
Q

Exocytosis

A

releasing material from cell

35
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”, engulfing materials

36
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking” taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules

37
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support a cell, determine its shape

38
Q

Microfilaments

A

made of protein actin, about 6nm thick, form the terminal web

39
Q

Microtubule

A

cylinder made up of 13 parallel strands called protofilaments

40
Q

Organelles

A

internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks

41
Q

Nucelus

A

largest organelle and usually visible with a light microscope

42
Q

Chromatin

A

fine threadlike matter composed of DNA and protein found in the nucleus

43
Q

Nucleoli

A

where ribosomes are produced

44
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

system of interconnected channels called cisternae enclosed by a unit membrane

45
Q

Rough ER

A

cisternae are parallel, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes, produces phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane

46
Q

Smooth ER

A

tubular cisternae, branch extensively, lack ribosomes, cells that detoxify

47
Q

Ribosomes

A

small granules of protein and RNA, read coded messages and assemble amino acids

48
Q

Golgi Complex

A

small system of cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates and put the finishing touches on protein and glycoprotein synthesis

49
Q

lysosomes

A

a package of enzymes bounded by a membrane produced by the Golgi complex

50
Q

Peroxisomes

A

resemble lysosomes but contain different enzymes are are produced by the ER

51
Q

Mitochondria

A

organelles specialized for synthesizing ATP

52
Q

Centriole

A

short cylindrical assembly of microtubules, arranged in 9 groups of 3 microtubules each

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