Intro to pharmacology Flashcards
What is phrarmacology the study of?
-Is the study of the effects of chemical substances called drugs on living organisms
What are drugs?
-These are chemicals that produce biological effects
What type of drugs are there
-Medicine
-substance of abuse
-Endogenous substances
What are the 5 properties to which learning drugs is necessary?
- Pharmacodynamics
2.Pharmacokinetics - Clinical use
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
What is pharmacodynamics
a. What the drug does to the body
b. Its mechanism of action
What is pharmacokinetics?
a. What body does to drug
b. How drug is Absorbed, Distributed, Metabolised, Excreted(ADME)
What is clincal use?
What drug can be used to treat
What are adverse effects/side effects?
Unintentionally/potentially harmful effect of drug
What are contraindications?
a. Specific situations where the drug should not be prescribed
What are the pharmacodynamics of ibuprofen?
a. Binds to and inhibits an enzyme called cyclooxygenase(COX)
-COX catalyses the breakdown of lipids into prostaglandins
What are the wide range of effects prostaglandins have?
1) Prostaglandins have a wide range of effects including
a) Providing a protective coating in the GI tract
b) Dilate renal blood vessels-enabling the kidneys to be well perfused
c) Sensitise pain nerve ending which causes pain
d) Dilate blood vessels, increase vessel permeability which is linked to inflammation, swelling and this causes pain
e) Re-sets body temperature-produce fever-causing the feeling of being unwell
What are the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen?
a. Generally taken orally as its readily absorbed from stomach and intestine
b. Metabolised in liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes
i. Half life in blood plasma of 3 hours
c. Excreted in urine
What are the clinical uses of ibuprofen?
a. Analgesia
i. Mild to moderate pain
1) Like dysmenorrhoea
ii. Acute and chronic inflammation and inflammation related pain relating to musculoskeletal system
1) Rheumatoid arthritis
2) Osteoarthritis
3) Back pain
What are the adverse effects/ side effects of ibuprofen?
a. Gastrointestinal bleeding
b. Reduced Renal perfusion
What are the contraindications of ibuprofen?
a. Should be avoided in patients with stomach/duodenum ulcers disease or kidney failure
b. Interactions with other drugs such as
i. Patients taking ACE inhibitors or diuretics
Ace inhibitors - stops angiotensin II - inhibits RAAS system hence reduces blood pressure
