Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Med > Infectious agents > Flashcards

Infectious agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of microbes

A

-Viruses
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Parasites(Protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the size range for viruses?

A

-Most are 20nm to 300nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the structure of viruses?

A

DNA or RNA(not both) core within protein capsid bade up of individual capsomeres with a helical, cubic or more complex arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do viruses have cytoplasm?

A

No Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What may the envelopes from viruses be derived from?

A

-May have envelope derived from host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What components are membrane bound in viruses?

A

Proteins are membrane bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a rotavirus?

A

A cause of infantile diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can adenoviruses cause?

A

-May cause diarrhoea, respiratory tract infections, keratitis, hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What arrangement can adenoviruses have?

A

-May have an icosahedral arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the size range of bacteria?

A

-0.5μm to 3μm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure of bacteria

A

-Prokaryotic
-Haploid DNA
-No nucleus
-Usually have a rigid cell wall outside cytoplasmic membrane
-No mitochondria
-some may have flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structure of Gram positive bacteria cell wall

A

-Gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and no outer lipid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structure of Gram negative bacteria

A

-Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan later and have an outer lipid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bacteria causes urinary tract infection?

A

Proteus mirabilis is the cause of a urinary tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does bacterial growth require?

A

-Carbon
-Water
-Nitrogen
-Nutrients
-Minerals
-Correct pH, osmotic pressure, temperature, atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By what process does bacterial growth occur?

A

-Growth occurs by binary fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the approx doubling time for bateria?

A

-Doubling time approx 20-30 mins

18
Q

How many hours does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to double?

A

-Mycobacterium tuberculosis approx takes 18 hours to double

19
Q

What oxygen environment do strict aerobes grow in?

A

Free oxygen

20
Q

What oxygen environment do facultative aerobes grow in?

A

Free oxygen and absence of oxygen

21
Q

What oxygen environment do strict anaerobes grow in?

A

Absence of oxygen

22
Q

What oxygen environment do microaerophil anaerobes grow in?

A

Absence of oxygen

23
Q

What is the size of fungi?

A

Size is over 2μm

24
Q

What is the structure of fungi?

A

-Eukaryotic
-Haploid or diploid DNA
-Single or multiple nuclei
-Rigid chitinous cell wall outside cytoplasm.
-May be multicellular
-May be dimorphic

25
Q

What are parasites?

A

Single or multicellular eukaryotic organisms

26
Q

What type of cell is protozoa?

A

Single cell

27
Q

Size range of protozoa

A

5 to 300μm

28
Q

What is the nuclei like in protozoa

A

Single or multiple nuclei

29
Q

What are the 3 main groups of eukaryotic parasites?

A

-Cestodes
-Trematodes
-nematodes

30
Q

What is an example of cestodes and how do they get into humans?

A

-an example would be beef tapeworm
1. Egg shed in faeces
i) Ingested by cows
2. This develops into cysts in beef which is eaten by humans
3. This then develops into adult tapeworm from GI tract

31
Q

What is an example of trematode and how does it get into humans?

A

-an example would be flukes flatworms
1. Egg shed in urine by human
i) Hatches into miracidium that infects a freshwater snail, where it develops further.
2. It is then release as cercaria in water
ii) It penetrates skin of human and enters circulation to migrate to venules of bladder or bowel before maturing into an adult fluke in humans

32
Q

What is an example of nematodes and how do they get into humans?

A

-an example is roundworms
1. Egg shed in faeces
i) If ingested by humans, it will develop into larvae and enter circulation to migrate to lungs. Coughed up and then swallowed to re-enter the gut.
2. This then develops into an adult worm

33
Q

What are ectoparasites and what are examples of it?

A

-Parasites that live on the skin
-Example
-Human body louse
-Human flea
-Ticks
-Mites

34
Q

How can bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths be seen?

A

-Bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths can be seen using light microscopy x400-x1000

35
Q

What can viruses be seen by?

A

-Viruses can be seen by electron microscopy x40,000

36
Q

What does gram staining do?

A

-Separates between gram positive and gram negative bacteria

37
Q

What colour is gram positive bacteria stained as?

A

-Gram positive bacteria is blue/purple

38
Q

What colour is gram negative bacteria stained as?

A

-Gram negative bacteria is red

39
Q

What are the 2 main morphologies of bacteria?

A

-Cocci
-Rods or bacilli

40
Q

How do cocci appear under microscope?

A

Spherical

Intro to Med (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions