Intro to Periodic Table and Families of Elements Flashcards
Metals have low ionization potential. T/F
true
Energy needed to remove one electron from an atom
ionization potential
Non Metals have low electronegativity T/F
false. They have high electronegativity thus form anions
Members of group 0 elements in increasing atomic size
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
All noble gases are found in the atmosphere except
Radon
Composition of artificial air
20% Oxygen, 80% Helium
Noble gas used for advertisement lights
neon
Most abundant noble gas
Argon
Substitute inert gas for “N” in pharmaceutical preparations
Argon
Inert gas by product of fractionation of fractionation of liquid air to oxygen and nitrogen
Argon
Noble gases that are researched as anesthetics
Krypton and Xenon
Use of Radon
Cancer treatment instead of radium
Members of Group 1 Elements
IA: Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
IB: Copper, Silver, Gold
Most reactive group of elements
Group 1A
Cation of choice for pharmaceutical utility
Sodium
Sodium salts are contraindicated in what condition
Those with Edema
Pharmacologic action of lithium
for Mania
Ammonium ion is isomorphous with
Potassium and Rubidium
Copper enhances the utilization of what element in the body
Iron
Copper is found in the respiratory pigment
Hemocyanin
Use of silver sulfadiazene
Treatment of burns
Toughened silver nitrate is used as
Styptic
Gold is indicated in what diseases
SLE and RA
Gold pharmaceutical preparations
Aurothioglucose, Gold Sodium Thiomalate
Auranofin (Oral)
Gold toxicity antidote
Dimercaprol
Elements of Group 2
IIA: Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
IIB: Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury
Most toxic metal
Beryllium
Most abundant intracellular cation
Potassium
2nd most abundant intracellular cation
Magnesium
Most abundant extracellular cation
Sodium
2nd most abundant extracellular cation
Calcium
Group 2 element which is a natural calcium channel blocker
Magnesium
Use of concentrated magnesium sulfate
Anti-inflammatory
Use of magnesium sulfate
Anti-convulsant
Magnesium toxicity antidote
Calcium gluconate
Cation of hydroxyapatite
calcium
Most active 2A Element
Barium
Use of Barium sulfate
Contrast media
use of barium hydroxide lime
carbond dioxide absorber
Antidote fore barium poisoning
Magnesium sulfate
Zinc is an essential component for this enzyme
Carbonic anhydrase
Zinc toxicity antidote
Sodium bicarbonate
Cadmium toxicity (other name)
Itai-itai
Cadmium sulfate is used as
Topical astringent and for eye infections
Cadmium sulfide is used for
seborrheic dermatitis
Best antidote for mercury poisoning especially the bichloride salt
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate
May be used immediately in mercury poisoning
Egg albumen (1 egg per 250mg of chloride salt of mercury)
Group 3 Elements
Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium Thallium
Most abundant metal
Aluminium
3rd most abundant element
Aluminum
Lowest melting point of all metals
Gallium
Melting point of Gallium
29.75 C
Gallium is indicated for what disease
Cancer related hypercalcemia
Gallium binds to what transport protein
Transferrin
Thallium is similar to what element
Arsenic
Elements of Group IV
Carbon, Silicon, Geranium, Tin, Zirconium
Obtained from ligneous material, underwent carbonization without air and heated to increase porosity and surface area
Activated Charcoal
Forms of activated charcoal
Finely powdered and Coarse
Use of coarse activated charcoal
gas absorption
Use of finely powdered activated charcoal
liquid media pharmaceuticals and for diarrhea
Second most abundant element
Silicon
Siliceous Earth other names
Diatomaceous earth
Fuller’s Earth
Kieselguhr
Celite
Inhalation of less than 5 um particles of silica
Silicosis
Use of Kaolin in pharmaceutical preparations
Clarifying agent
3 Clay Minerals
- Monmorillonite (Bentonites)
- Kaolin
- Illites
Use of bentonites in pharmaceutical preparations
Suspending agents
Most common rocks
Feldspars (KAlSi3O8)
Porous rock of volcanic origin
Pumice
Vitreous silicate material made by fusing silica and sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate
Glass
Use of borates in glass
Improve coefficient of expansion
Use of manganese dioxide in glass
Mask the blue-green color imparted by iron usually present in silica
Use of potassium in glass
Make glass light resistant
Use of Lead in glass
Increases refractive index
Most metallic element in group IV
Lead
Also known as white pigment
Titanium Dioxide
Use of titanium dioxide
Protection of solar rays
Soluble salts of titanium dioxide (2+ and 3+ oxidation state) are red or violet in color. They are Oxidizing or Reducing Agents?
Reducing Agents
Zirconium with this element can be an antiperspirant
Aluminum
Hydrated oxides or carbonates of zirconium in lotion is used for what condition
Contact Dermatitis
Oxides of nitrogen and phosphorus are (basic or acidic?)
Acidic
Oxides of Arsenic and Antimony are (basic or acidic?)
Amphoteric
Oxides of Bismuth are (basic or acidic?)
Basic
Percentage of nitrogen in atmosphere
78%
Nitrogen preparation as antidote for cyanide poisoning
Sodium Nitrate
Nitrites are toxic. Why
Converts Hb to mHb; and Amines and amides to N-Nitroso Derivatives which are carcinogenic
Antidote for yellow (white phosphorus) poisoning
Cupric sulfate
Which allotrope of phosphorus is flammable in air
Yellow Allotrope of phosphorus; White phosphorus
Fowler’s Solution
Potassium arsenite solution
Use of fowler’s solution
Antileukemic
Antidote for arsenic poisoning
- ) Magnesium hydroxide and Ferric salts (ORAL)
2. ) Dimercaprol (IM) - for systemic toxicity
Bismuth official preparations
Bismuth Subgallate; Milk of Bismuth; Bismuth Subnitrate
Bismuth preparation used for peptic ulcer disease
Colloidal Bismuth Subcitrate
Use of tartar emetic
Antischistosomiasis
Element unaffected by body fluids thus used for surgical repair of bones
Tantalum
Oxides of higher oxidation state chalcogens are (basic or acidic?)
Acidic
Oxides of lower oxidation state chalcogens are (basic or acidic?)
Basic
Percent of oxygen in air
20% (1/5 of air)
Use of elemental sulfur
Fungicide
Use of sublimed sulfur
Cathartic
Use of precipitated sulfur
Scabicide
Sulfurated potash composition
Sulfates, Thiosulfates, Potassium Polysulfide
Indication of sulfurated potash
Psoriasis
Freshly prepared sulfurated potash is filtered and mixed with Zinc Sulfate solution to form?
White Lotion, USP
Use of White lotion, USP
Astringent and Protective
Use of Selenium sulfide 2.5% Suspension
Anti-dandruff
Sulfur containing antidote for cyanide poisoning
Sodium thiosulfate
Most electronegative element
Fluorine
Fluorine attack all metals at room temperature except
Gold and Platinum
Chloride salts are water soluble salts except
Mercurous chloride, Silver chloride and Cuprous
Skin exposure to bromine may be treated by:
Sodium bicarbonate and glycerin
Pharmacologic action of Bromide ion
CNS Depressant
Most metallic halogen
Iodine
Pharmacologic action of Iodide ion
Expectorant
Antidote for iodine poisoning
Cornstarch and Sodium thiosulfate
Resembles iodine but is more metallic
Astatine
First element produce artificially
Technetium
1st Triad Elements
Iron, Cobalt, Nickel
2nd Triad Elements
Ru Rh Pd
3rd Triad Elements
Os Ir Pt
5 Official Artificial Atmospheres
Oxygen, Helium, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Nitrogen
