Intro to patho

Question 1

Pathophysiology definition

Answer 1

Study of biological and physical manifestations of disease. Explains S & S but not treatment

Question 2

Pathogenesis

Answer 2

Sequence of events involved in the tissue change

Question 3

Disease definition

Answer 3

Abnormal vital function involving any part or system of an organism

Question 4

Reasons for medics to take patho

Answer 4

Differentials (helps with similar S & S)
Understand treatments (pharmo, surg)

Question 5

Father of patho

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

Etiology definition

Answer 6

Study of all factors that me be involved in development

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

Number of old and new cases during a period of time

Question 8

Incidence

Answer 8

New cases during a period of time

Question 9

Sign and symptom

Answer 9

Objective finding

Symptom is subjective

Question 10

Syndrome

Answer 10

Complex of S & S resulting from a common cause to present a clinical picture

Question 11

Prognosis

Answer 11

Prediction of probable outcome

Question 12

Morbidity/Mortality

Answer 12

Illness or abnormal condition

Condition of being subject to death

Question 13

Iatrogenic

Answer 13

By healthcare

Question 14

Nosocomial

Answer 14

Pertaining to hospital

Question 15

Inheritred

Answer 15

Acquisition or expression of traits or conditions by transmission of genetic material

Question 16

Congenital

Answer 16

Present at birth

Question 17

Internal causes of disease

Answer 17

Vascular, immunologic, metabolic

Question 18

External causes of disease

Answer 18

Physical, chemical, microbiologic

Question 19

Specific causation of disease

Answer 19

Acquired, idiopathic, iatrogenic, nosocomial, congenital, inherited

Question 20

Risk factors of disease

Answer 20

Age, genes, environment, lifestyle, multifactorial

Question 21

3 types of genetic causation

Answer 21

Genetic abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities
Multifactorial

Question 22

Genetic abnormalities

Answer 22

Single defective or mutant gene, usually on recessive gene
Huntington’s
Hemophilia
Cystic Fibrosis

Question 23

Chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 23

Abnormal number of chromosomes

Occurs in 1 in 12 conceptions

Question 24

Multifactorial

Answer 24

Genetic basis plus environment
Congenital - Cleft palate, clubfoot, heart defects
Others - HTN, CAD, CA, IDDM, NIDDM, psych

Question 25

Alchemist rule is

Answer 25

Everything is a poison, it is a matter of the dose

Question 26

Acute disease definition

Answer 26

Begins abruptly with marked intensity

Self limiting

Question 27

Chronic disease definition

Answer 27

Continuous, often till death
May be constant or marked by exacerbations
Insidious (proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects)

Question 28

Lesion

Answer 28

A region which has suffered damage through injury or disease

Question 29

Stress (transitional or interactive concept) definition

Answer 29

Demand exceeds coping abilities.

Results in disturbances; cognitive, emotional, behaviour, well-being

Question 30

Physiologic stress definition

Answer 30

A chemical or physical disturbance in cell tissue or fluid which requires a response to balance

Question 31

Three components of physiologic stress

Answer 31

Stressor
Physical or chemical
Body’s response

Question 32

Who invented GAS (general adaptation syndrome)

Answer 32

Hans Selye (endo)

Question 33

Three stages of GAS

Answer 33

Alarm stage
Resistance/adaptation stage
Exhaustion stage

Question 34

Alarm stage of GAS

Answer 34

somatic nervous system and HPA increase catecholamines and cortisol

Question 35

Resistance stage of GAS

Answer 35

Most economic and effective channels are selected to respond to the altered state

Question 36

Exhaustion stage of GAS

Answer 36

Resources are depleted, systemic damage is done