Intro to patho Flashcards
Pathophysiology definition
Study of biological and physical manifestations of disease. Explains S & S but not treatment
Pathogenesis
Sequence of events involved in the tissue change
Disease definition
Abnormal vital function involving any part or system of an organism
Reasons for medics to take patho
Differentials (helps with similar S & S) Understand treatments (pharmo, surg)
Father of patho
Rudolf Virchow
Etiology definition
Study of all factors that me be involved in development
Prevalence
Number of old and new cases during a period of time
Incidence
New cases during a period of time
Sign and symptom
Objective finding
Symptom is subjective
Syndrome
Complex of S & S resulting from a common cause to present a clinical picture
Prognosis
Prediction of probable outcome
Morbidity/Mortality
Illness or abnormal condition
Condition of being subject to death
Iatrogenic
By healthcare
Nosocomial
Pertaining to hospital
Inheritred
Acquisition or expression of traits or conditions by transmission of genetic material
Congenital
Present at birth
Internal causes of disease
Vascular, immunologic, metabolic
External causes of disease
Physical, chemical, microbiologic
Specific causation of disease
Acquired, idiopathic, iatrogenic, nosocomial, congenital, inherited
Risk factors of disease
Age, genes, environment, lifestyle, multifactorial
3 types of genetic causation
Genetic abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities
Multifactorial
Genetic abnormalities
Single defective or mutant gene, usually on recessive gene
Huntington’s
Hemophilia
Cystic Fibrosis
Chromosomal abnormalities
Abnormal number of chromosomes
Occurs in 1 in 12 conceptions
Multifactorial
Genetic basis plus environment
Congenital - Cleft palate, clubfoot, heart defects
Others - HTN, CAD, CA, IDDM, NIDDM, psych
Alchemist rule is
Everything is a poison, it is a matter of the dose
Acute disease definition
Begins abruptly with marked intensity
Self limiting
Chronic disease definition
Continuous, often till death
May be constant or marked by exacerbations
Insidious (proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects)
Lesion
A region which has suffered damage through injury or disease
Stress (transitional or interactive concept) definition
Demand exceeds coping abilities.
Results in disturbances; cognitive, emotional, behaviour, well-being
Physiologic stress definition
A chemical or physical disturbance in cell tissue or fluid which requires a response to balance
Three components of physiologic stress
Stressor
Physical or chemical
Body’s response
Who invented GAS (general adaptation syndrome)
Hans Selye (endo)
Three stages of GAS
Alarm stage
Resistance/adaptation stage
Exhaustion stage
Alarm stage of GAS
somatic nervous system and HPA increase catecholamines and cortisol
Resistance stage of GAS
Most economic and effective channels are selected to respond to the altered state
Exhaustion stage of GAS
Resources are depleted, systemic damage is done
