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pathology > 11 Mental Illness > Flashcards

11 Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

DSM

A

V is most current

Used to better understand illness, treatment, and help 3rd party payers understand needs of patients

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2
Q

Psychosis

A

When are person loses contact with reality

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3
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Though disorders

Reflect a break in reality or splitting of the cognitive from the emotional side of personality

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4
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Add things like thoughts or behaviours
Incoherent speech
Delusions
Hallucinations
Having a hard time organizing or completeing tasks
Movements are slow, awkward or rigid or very fast

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5
Q

Negative symptoms of schizo

A 
Take something away
Blunted affect
Apathy
Poverty of speech
Lack of social interactions
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6
Q

Onset of schizo

A

Manifests itself in late tweens and early twenties
(men 15-25 women 25-35)
Some genetic disposition
May include prenatal and perinatal factors such as virus or nutrient deficiencys

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7
Q

Neuroanatomical and functional abnormalities of schizo

A

Enlarged lat and 3rd ventricle
Widening of fissures/sulci in frontal cortex
Decreased blood flow to frontal cortex
Reduced size of temporal love
Decreased cortical volume (from increased ventricles)
Reduction in granule density of hippocampus
Abnormal elevation of dopaminergic transmission

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8
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perception experienced without external stimuli

Auditory, tactile, visual, gustatory, olfactory

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9
Q

Delusions

A

Persistent belief that is contrary to educational and cultural background of individual
Grandiose, persecutory, somatic, sexual and religious themes

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10
Q

Disorganized speech behaviour of schizos

A

Formal thought disorder

Can be fluent but difficult to comprehend, incoherent (loose associations) or illogical/unrelated answers to questions

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11
Q

Disorganized behaviour of schizos

A 
Abnormal motor behaviour and social behavior 
Immobile, mute, unresponsive
Bizzare postures
Uncontrollable motor activity
Social withdrawal - untidy and unkempt
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12
Q

Physical schizo

A

Avoidance of eye contact, bouts of rapid eye blinks
Sleep disturbance
Chronic constipation

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13
Q

Mood disorder overview

A 
Inappropriate, exaggerated, or limited ranged of feelings
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar
Cyclothymic
Dysthmic
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14
Q

Mood and affective states definitions

A

Mood - sustained emotional state (affective state) as opposed to brief emotional feelings
Affective states euphoria, joy, surprise, fear, anxiety, sadness, depression

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15
Q

Mood disorders who (or whom)

A

Women more likely to have depression, dysthymic, or SAD
Bipolar doesn’t see gender
3.5% children, 3-7% teens diagnosed with depression

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16
Q

Major depression disorder

A

Most common disorder, unpleasant mood, unable to experience pleasure in old interests
2X more common in chicks

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17
Q

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

A 
Depression
Irritability
Sadness
Decrease/increase appetite
Fatigue
Worthlessness
Guilt
Concentration
Suicidal thoughts
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18
Q

Bipolar is

A

Recurrent depression and mania

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19
Q

Mania symptoms

A

Elevated mood, irritability, inflated self-esteem, gradiosity, decreased need for sleep, flight of ideas, excessive talking, pressured speech, distractibility, increased physical activities, increased pleasurable activities, psychomotor agitation

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20
Q

Monamine hypothesis

A

Depression from lack of monoamines (norepi and serotonin)

Mania is too manies monamines

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21
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Anxiety disorders are same thing as problems with stress is not true
Difference is anxiety disorder, symptoms are extreme and don’t go away once stress is over
Have a lot in common

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22
Q

Who (or whom) of anxiety disorders

A 
Women 2x
Often appear in youth
Personality factors - shy and worrisome children more likely to suffer
Perfectionists more prone
Lack of social support
Jobs (PTSD)
Chronic mental or physical illness
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23
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worry about aspects of daily life like finances family work well being

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24
Q

Social anxiety

A

Fear others are judging or they’ll embarrass themselves in social situations

25
Q

Seperation anxiety

A

… yeah

26
Q

Panic disorder

A

Multiple disabling panic attacks, fear of the next one inbetween
Can occur with agoraphobia

27
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in situations without easy escape

28
Q

S&S of panic disorder

A 
Light-headed
Racing heart
General weakness
Trembling
Abdo distress
Chills
Hot flashes
Feelings of losing control or fucking dying
29
Q

Pathology of panic disorder

A

Brain stem likely involved and vulnerable

May involve problem with GABA receptor

30
Q

PTSD

A

Shell shock
Exposure to real or perceived event that feels life threatening (or viewing others exposure) which overrides ability to cope, creating feelings of helplessness
re-experienced in dreams or thoughts

31
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A

Difficulty sleeping, irritability, concentration, exaggerated startle response, flash backs of images, odors, sounds, emotions,
May have neuronal structure involvement and or neurotransmitters

32
Q

OCD

A

Persistent recurrent unwanted thoughts or mental states which becomes distressing
Include fear of contamination, aggressive impulses, need for orderliness

33
Q

Compulsion

A

Ritualized mental act or behaviour pt is driven to perform in response to obsessions

34
Q

Personality disorders overview

A

Effect individual and or those around

May seem impulsive, irritable, fearful, demanding, hostile, manipulative, violent

35
Q

3 types of personality disorders for people with social avoidance or low sociability issues

A

Paranoid personality
Schizoid personality
Schizotypal personality

36
Q

Paranoid personality

A

Tendency to mistrust others, suspect motives are hurtful

37
Q

Schizoid personality

A

Unable to relate to other people, restricted range of emotional expression

38
Q

Schizotypal

A

Feel very uncomfortable in close relationships, and have odd or distorted thoughts or perceptions

39
Q

Types of personality disorders for people who appear to be highly emotional or dramatic

A

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

40
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Persistently ignores and violates the rights of others

41
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Tendency to have unstable relationships, intense mood changes, rapidly shifting self image, high levels of anxiety (chronic worrying, intense panic) noticeably impulsive behaviour

42
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

Highly emotional in social situations

43
Q

Narcissitic personality disorder

A

Pattern of feeling overly important, needing admiration from others, lack of empathy

44
Q

Personality disorders that describe cautious fearful people

A

Avoidant, dependent, OCD

45
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Extreme shyness, feeling inadequate or not good enough, being very sensitive to criticism

46
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Extreme need to be taken care of, clinging to others, needing to be led in decisions

47
Q

Etiology of personality disorders

A

Early life experience, learned behaviours, social environment, biology
May have impaired regulation of brain circuits that control emotion

48
Q

ADHD

A

Considered neurodevelopment disorder
Typically manifest early in development, often before child enters grade school
2/3 continue experiencing into adulthood
Development deficits which produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

49
Q

Who (or whom) of ADHD

A

Most common childhood psych disorder
4-8X more common in males
Symptoms begin at 3-7
Symptoms must appear prior to age 7 and be present for at least 6 months

50
Q

Etiology of ADHD

A

Not established, maybe deregulation of neuronal pathways which employ monamine transmitteres
Theory of out of sync frontal lobes and prefrontal cortex

51
Q

Growth of ASD

A

600% in 20 years

52
Q

ASD knowns

A

Genetic and environmental factors (no specific environmental cause)
Studies indicate it is a disruption of normal brain growth in very early life

53
Q

Who or whom of ASD

A

More common in premies
Parental practices as a cause has been disproved
Vaccines don’t cause the aut
Bacterial theory - 70% of auts also have severe GI symptoms

54
Q

Common SS of ASD

A

Present from early childhood, often improve with age
Social impairment and communication difficulites
Difficulty understanding emotions
Repetitive movements
Become obsessively interested in a particular topic or objects
Thrive on routines

55
Q

FASD

A

Irreversible brain damage from prenatal exposure to ETOH
Is an umbrella term
Physical birth defects, development delays, learning disabilities, memory problems, difficulty communicating feelings
difficulty understanding consequences

56
Q

The face of FASD

A 
Small head circumference
Epicanthic folds
Low nasal bridge
Short nose
Short midface
Indistinct philtrum (groove between upper lip and nose)
Thin reddish upper lip
57
Q

Behavior of FASD

A 
Hyperactive, lack of focus, poor coordination, delayed thinking speech, movement, social skills
poor judgement
Sight/hearing problems
Intellectual problems
mood swings
58
Q

Physical of FASD

A

Heart, kidneys, limbs, fingers

pathology (24 decks)

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