11 Mental Illness Flashcards
DSM
V is most current
Used to better understand illness, treatment, and help 3rd party payers understand needs of patients
Psychosis
When are person loses contact with reality
Schizophrenia
Though disorders
Reflect a break in reality or splitting of the cognitive from the emotional side of personality
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Add things like thoughts or behaviours
Incoherent speech
Delusions
Hallucinations
Having a hard time organizing or completeing tasks
Movements are slow, awkward or rigid or very fast
Negative symptoms of schizo
Take something away Blunted affect Apathy Poverty of speech Lack of social interactions
Onset of schizo
Manifests itself in late tweens and early twenties
(men 15-25 women 25-35)
Some genetic disposition
May include prenatal and perinatal factors such as virus or nutrient deficiencys
Neuroanatomical and functional abnormalities of schizo
Enlarged lat and 3rd ventricle
Widening of fissures/sulci in frontal cortex
Decreased blood flow to frontal cortex
Reduced size of temporal love
Decreased cortical volume (from increased ventricles)
Reduction in granule density of hippocampus
Abnormal elevation of dopaminergic transmission
Hallucinations
Perception experienced without external stimuli
Auditory, tactile, visual, gustatory, olfactory
Delusions
Persistent belief that is contrary to educational and cultural background of individual
Grandiose, persecutory, somatic, sexual and religious themes
Disorganized speech behaviour of schizos
Formal thought disorder
Can be fluent but difficult to comprehend, incoherent (loose associations) or illogical/unrelated answers to questions
Disorganized behaviour of schizos
Abnormal motor behaviour and social behavior Immobile, mute, unresponsive Bizzare postures Uncontrollable motor activity Social withdrawal - untidy and unkempt
Physical schizo
Avoidance of eye contact, bouts of rapid eye blinks
Sleep disturbance
Chronic constipation
Mood disorder overview
Inappropriate, exaggerated, or limited ranged of feelings Major depressive disorder Bipolar Cyclothymic Dysthmic
Mood and affective states definitions
Mood - sustained emotional state (affective state) as opposed to brief emotional feelings
Affective states euphoria, joy, surprise, fear, anxiety, sadness, depression
Mood disorders who (or whom)
Women more likely to have depression, dysthymic, or SAD
Bipolar doesn’t see gender
3.5% children, 3-7% teens diagnosed with depression
Major depression disorder
Most common disorder, unpleasant mood, unable to experience pleasure in old interests
2X more common in chicks
Symptoms of major depressive disorder
Depression Irritability Sadness Decrease/increase appetite Fatigue Worthlessness Guilt Concentration Suicidal thoughts
Bipolar is
Recurrent depression and mania
Mania symptoms
Elevated mood, irritability, inflated self-esteem, gradiosity, decreased need for sleep, flight of ideas, excessive talking, pressured speech, distractibility, increased physical activities, increased pleasurable activities, psychomotor agitation
Monamine hypothesis
Depression from lack of monoamines (norepi and serotonin)
Mania is too manies monamines
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are same thing as problems with stress is not true
Difference is anxiety disorder, symptoms are extreme and don’t go away once stress is over
Have a lot in common
Who (or whom) of anxiety disorders
Women 2x Often appear in youth Personality factors - shy and worrisome children more likely to suffer Perfectionists more prone Lack of social support Jobs (PTSD) Chronic mental or physical illness
Generalized anxiety disorder
Excessive worry about aspects of daily life like finances family work well being
Social anxiety
Fear others are judging or they’ll embarrass themselves in social situations
Seperation anxiety
… yeah
Panic disorder
Multiple disabling panic attacks, fear of the next one inbetween
Can occur with agoraphobia
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in situations without easy escape
S&S of panic disorder
Light-headed Racing heart General weakness Trembling Abdo distress Chills Hot flashes Feelings of losing control or fucking dying
Pathology of panic disorder
Brain stem likely involved and vulnerable
May involve problem with GABA receptor
PTSD
Shell shock
Exposure to real or perceived event that feels life threatening (or viewing others exposure) which overrides ability to cope, creating feelings of helplessness
re-experienced in dreams or thoughts
Symptoms of PTSD
Difficulty sleeping, irritability, concentration, exaggerated startle response, flash backs of images, odors, sounds, emotions,
May have neuronal structure involvement and or neurotransmitters
OCD
Persistent recurrent unwanted thoughts or mental states which becomes distressing
Include fear of contamination, aggressive impulses, need for orderliness
Compulsion
Ritualized mental act or behaviour pt is driven to perform in response to obsessions
Personality disorders overview
Effect individual and or those around
May seem impulsive, irritable, fearful, demanding, hostile, manipulative, violent
3 types of personality disorders for people with social avoidance or low sociability issues
Paranoid personality
Schizoid personality
Schizotypal personality
Paranoid personality
Tendency to mistrust others, suspect motives are hurtful
Schizoid personality
Unable to relate to other people, restricted range of emotional expression
Schizotypal
Feel very uncomfortable in close relationships, and have odd or distorted thoughts or perceptions
Types of personality disorders for people who appear to be highly emotional or dramatic
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial personality disorder
Persistently ignores and violates the rights of others
Borderline personality disorder
Tendency to have unstable relationships, intense mood changes, rapidly shifting self image, high levels of anxiety (chronic worrying, intense panic) noticeably impulsive behaviour
Histrionic personality disorder
Highly emotional in social situations
Narcissitic personality disorder
Pattern of feeling overly important, needing admiration from others, lack of empathy
Personality disorders that describe cautious fearful people
Avoidant, dependent, OCD
Avoidant personality disorder
Extreme shyness, feeling inadequate or not good enough, being very sensitive to criticism
Dependent personality disorder
Extreme need to be taken care of, clinging to others, needing to be led in decisions
Etiology of personality disorders
Early life experience, learned behaviours, social environment, biology
May have impaired regulation of brain circuits that control emotion
ADHD
Considered neurodevelopment disorder
Typically manifest early in development, often before child enters grade school
2/3 continue experiencing into adulthood
Development deficits which produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
Who (or whom) of ADHD
Most common childhood psych disorder
4-8X more common in males
Symptoms begin at 3-7
Symptoms must appear prior to age 7 and be present for at least 6 months
Etiology of ADHD
Not established, maybe deregulation of neuronal pathways which employ monamine transmitteres
Theory of out of sync frontal lobes and prefrontal cortex
Growth of ASD
600% in 20 years
ASD knowns
Genetic and environmental factors (no specific environmental cause)
Studies indicate it is a disruption of normal brain growth in very early life
Who or whom of ASD
More common in premies
Parental practices as a cause has been disproved
Vaccines don’t cause the aut
Bacterial theory - 70% of auts also have severe GI symptoms
Common SS of ASD
Present from early childhood, often improve with age
Social impairment and communication difficulites
Difficulty understanding emotions
Repetitive movements
Become obsessively interested in a particular topic or objects
Thrive on routines
FASD
Irreversible brain damage from prenatal exposure to ETOH
Is an umbrella term
Physical birth defects, development delays, learning disabilities, memory problems, difficulty communicating feelings
difficulty understanding consequences
The face of FASD
Small head circumference Epicanthic folds Low nasal bridge Short nose Short midface Indistinct philtrum (groove between upper lip and nose) Thin reddish upper lip
Behavior of FASD
Hyperactive, lack of focus, poor coordination, delayed thinking speech, movement, social skills poor judgement Sight/hearing problems Intellectual problems mood swings
Physical of FASD
Heart, kidneys, limbs, fingers
