Intro to Ortho Flashcards
What are the main groups of appliances?
Fixed appliance, removable appliance, functional appliance
Definition of malocclusion?
Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health and/or psychosocial implications for the individual
What is dentofacial orthopaedics?
Modify growth to improve relationship between facial bones
What is orthodontics?
Branch of dentistry concerned w/ growth of teeth, jaws and face
Moves teeth to improve occlusion and appearance - correcting malocclusion
(Remember definition of health- WHO)
What are the benefits of ortho tx?
- Dental health: caries, perio, trauma, masticatory function, speech
- Psychosocial well-being: +ve judgement by others, increase self-esteem
Relationship between malocclusion and psychosocial distress?
Not always proportional to severity of malocclusion
Risks/ disadvantage of orthodontic tx?
Cost Pain and discomfort Incomplete tx Medical disorders - bleeding disorders/ allergy Oral hygiene - perio helath Demineralisation/ caries Root resorption Relapse
How common is trauma to anterior teeth?
70% of boys affected by age 10
Increased prevalence w/ OJ
How is functional headgear used?
2 phase tx - first age 8/10 then used adolescence
Reduces incised trauma
Is there any correlation between TMJ disorders and malocclusion?
Low and unlikely to be of clinical significance
Correlation between malocclusion and articulation disorders?
No definitive proof that alteration of tooth position can improve mastication/ speech
What problems are caused by unerupted/ ectopic teeth?
Resorption of surrounding roots Cystic changes (rare)
Relationship between ectopic canines and root resorption?
50% of cases w/ ectopic maxillary canines demonstrate root resorption
3x more common in girls than boys
Only 50% resorption seen on radiographs
Mean root resorption for all maxillary incisors?
0.9mm
17% had root shortening >2.5mm for 1+ incisor
When would you expect pain with orthodontic tx?
Pain for 6 hours for first fitting fixed appliance
Last 2-4 days
Discomfort when altered
Why may tx be incomplete?
Poor OH
What factors are considered when thinking about root resorption during ortho?
Difficult to predict
- Pt factors: gender, habit
- Dental factor: increased OJ, endo tx, alveolar bone density
- Tx factor: continuous force, type tooth movement
What is IOTN?
Index of orthodontic treatment need
2 part index to measure tx priority
1. Dental health component
2. Aesthetic component (1-10)
Definition class I incisor?
Lower incisor tip occludes with or below cingulum plateau of upper incisor
Definition class II div I incisor?
Lower incisor tip occludes behind cingulum plateau of upper incisor
Upper central incisors are of average inclination or proclined
Definition class II div II incisors?
Lower incisor tip occludes behind cingulum plateau of upper incisors
Upper central incisors are retroclined
Definition class III incisors?
Lower incisor tip occludes in front of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Definition class I buccal relationship?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occludes in mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar
Definition class II buccal relationship?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first. perm molar occludes anterior to mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar
Definition 1/2 unit class II buccal relationship?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occluded cusp-cusp w/ mesiobuccal cusp tip of lower first. perm molar
Definition class III buccal relationship?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occludes posterior to mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar
Definiton 1/2 unit class III?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm molar occluded cusp-cusp with distobuccal cusp tip of lower first perm molar
