Intro to Ortho

Question 1

What are the main groups of appliances?

Answer 1

Fixed appliance, removable appliance, functional appliance

Question 2

Definition of malocclusion?

Answer 2

Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health and/or psychosocial implications for the individual

Question 3

What is dentofacial orthopaedics?

Answer 3

Modify growth to improve relationship between facial bones

Question 4

What is orthodontics?

Answer 4

Branch of dentistry concerned w/ growth of teeth, jaws and face
Moves teeth to improve occlusion and appearance - correcting malocclusion
(Remember definition of health- WHO)

Question 5

What are the benefits of ortho tx?

Answer 5

1. Dental health: caries, perio, trauma, masticatory function, speech
2. Psychosocial well-being: +ve judgement by others, increase self-esteem

Question 6

Relationship between malocclusion and psychosocial distress?

Answer 6

Not always proportional to severity of malocclusion

Question 7

Risks/ disadvantage of orthodontic tx?

Answer 7

Cost
Pain and discomfort
Incomplete tx
Medical disorders - bleeding disorders/ allergy
Oral hygiene - perio helath
Demineralisation/ caries
Root resorption
Relapse

Question 8

How common is trauma to anterior teeth?

Answer 8

70% of boys affected by age 10

Increased prevalence w/ OJ

Question 9

How is functional headgear used?

Answer 9

2 phase tx - first age 8/10 then used adolescence

Reduces incised trauma

Question 10

Is there any correlation between TMJ disorders and malocclusion?

Answer 10

Low and unlikely to be of clinical significance

Question 11

Correlation between malocclusion and articulation disorders?

Answer 11

No definitive proof that alteration of tooth position can improve mastication/ speech

Question 12

What problems are caused by unerupted/ ectopic teeth?

Answer 12

Resorption of surrounding roots
Cystic changes (rare)

Question 13

Relationship between ectopic canines and root resorption?

Answer 13

50% of cases w/ ectopic maxillary canines demonstrate root resorption
3x more common in girls than boys
Only 50% resorption seen on radiographs

Question 14

Mean root resorption for all maxillary incisors?

Answer 14

0.9mm

17% had root shortening >2.5mm for 1+ incisor

Question 15

When would you expect pain with orthodontic tx?

Answer 15

Pain for 6 hours for first fitting fixed appliance
Last 2-4 days
Discomfort when altered

Question 16

Why may tx be incomplete?

Answer 16

Poor OH

Question 17

What factors are considered when thinking about root resorption during ortho?

Answer 17

Difficult to predict

1. Pt factors: gender, habit
2. Dental factor: increased OJ, endo tx, alveolar bone density
3. Tx factor: continuous force, type tooth movement

Question 18

What is IOTN?

Answer 18

Index of orthodontic treatment need
2 part index to measure tx priority
1. Dental health component
2. Aesthetic component (1-10)

Question 19

Definition class I incisor?

Answer 19

Lower incisor tip occludes with or below cingulum plateau of upper incisor

Question 20

Definition class II div I incisor?

Answer 20

Lower incisor tip occludes behind cingulum plateau of upper incisor
Upper central incisors are of average inclination or proclined

Question 21

Definition class II div II incisors?

Answer 21

Lower incisor tip occludes behind cingulum plateau of upper incisors
Upper central incisors are retroclined

Question 22

Definition class III incisors?

Answer 22

Lower incisor tip occludes in front of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor

Question 23

Definition class I buccal relationship?

Answer 23

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occludes in mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar

Question 24

Definition class II buccal relationship?

Answer 24

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first. perm molar occludes anterior to mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar

Question 25

Definition 1/2 unit class II buccal relationship?

Answer 25

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occluded cusp-cusp w/ mesiobuccal cusp tip of lower first. perm molar

Question 26

Definition class III buccal relationship?

Answer 26

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm. molar occludes posterior to mid-buccal groove of lower first. perm molar

Question 27

Definiton 1/2 unit class III?

Answer 27

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first perm molar occluded cusp-cusp with distobuccal cusp tip of lower first perm molar