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IODC - Orthodontics > Biomechanics of Tooth Movement > Flashcards

Biomechanics of Tooth Movement Flashcards

1
Q

When can physiological tooth movement occur?

A

Pre-eruptive, eruptive, post-eruptive

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2
Q

Types of tooth movement?

A

Physiological, orthodontic

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3
Q

What is pre-eruptive tooth movement?

A

Lingual or palatal direction

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4
Q

What rate does eruptive tooth movement occur at?

A

1mm per month

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5
Q

Why does post-eruptive tooth movement occur?

A

Accomodate growing jaws (teeth move to adapt to growth)
Compensate occlusal wear
Compensate for interproximal wear

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6
Q

What are resting forces?

A

Teeth are usually in position of stability between soft tissues - forces applied but balanced and light

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7
Q

Definition of orthodontic movement?

A

Pathological process from which tooth usually recovers

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8
Q

What is PDL?

A

Periodontal ligament
Made of cells and extracellular component
Need vital PDL to move teeth (can move root filled)
If ankylosed virtually impossible

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9
Q

What cells make up PDL?

A

Osteoblast - make new bone
Osteoclast - remove bone

Osetoblast, osetoclast, cementoblasts, epithelial cell rests of Malassez, macrophages, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

EMU COO

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10
Q

What makes up ligament fibres in PDL?

A

Collagen fibres bundles

Oxytalan fibres

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11
Q

What makes up extracellular matrix in PDL?

A

Fibres - type I collagen

Ground substance: glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, glycolipids

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12
Q

What forces placed on moving tooth?

A

Pressure side and tension side

Pressure side

  • Differentiation of osteoclast = bone resorption
  • Collagen fibre remodelling

Tension side

  • Bone deposition
  • Collagen fibre remodelling
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13
Q

3 stages in rate of tooth movement?

A
  1. Initial compression
  2. Delay phase (2-14 days)
  3. Tooth movement
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14
Q

What happens during initial compression?

A

Tooth move through PDL

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15
Q

What happens during delay phase?

A

Loss of cells from area - no movement possible

New cells move into area

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16
Q

What happens during tooth movement?

A

PDL populated by new cells

Bone resorption and collagen fibre remodelling

17
Q

What does mechanical stress, compression and tension cause?

A

Mechanical stress= intracellular response
Compression = bone resorption
Tension = bone deposition

18
Q

What affects does force have from initial force to 2 days?

A

<1 sec = PDL fluid incompressible, alveolar bone bend, piezoelectrical signal generated
1-2 sec = PDL fluid expressed, tooth move in PDL space
3-5 sec = Blood vessel compressed pressure side and dilated on tension side, PDL fibres and cells distorted
Minutes = blood flow altered, oxygen tension changes, chemicals released
Hours = metabolic changes, cell diff begins
2 days = tooth movement begin as osteoblast/clast within PDL remodelling bony socket

19
Q

What happens if excessive force is placed?

A

Complete loss of blood vessels in PDL - eventually osteoclast recruited from endosteal surface of bone

20
Q

What happens if excessive forces placed from initial to 2 days?

A

> 1 sec = PDL fluid incompressible, alveolar bone bend, piezoelectric signal generate
1-2 sec = PDL fluid expressed, tooth move in space
3-5 sec= blood vessel in PDL occluded on pressure side
Minutes = blood flow cut off compressed side
Hours = cell death compressed area
3-5 days = cell differentiation in adjacent space = undermining resoprtion
7-14 days = undermining resorption removed lamina dura adjacent compressed PDL - tooth movement

21
Q

What does excessive force cause - clinically?

A 
Delay tooth movement 
Pain
Loss vitality
Mobility
Root resorption 
Loss anchorage
22
Q

What is the ideal optimum force?

A

20-25/cm2

table of optimum force for each tooth movement in notes

23
Q

Which 2 types of tooth movement require more force?

A

Bodily movement

Root uprighting

24
Q

Definition of pressure?

A

Force per unit root area

25
Q

What is orthodontic anchorage?

A

Control unwanted tooth movement

Teeth respond to pressure

26
Q

Types of tooth movement?

A 
Tipping
Bodily
Rotation
Torque
 Vertical - extrusion/ intrusion

IODC - Orthodontics (18 decks)

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