Intro to Oncology and Molec Path

Question 1

What is PD-L1 IHC for cancer treatment, and why is positive results more promising for treatment?

Answer 1

• Presence of Programmed Death Ligand
• shuts off T-cells and B-cells
• Means immuno-therapy can be used to block PDL1 and can force T-cells to kill.

Question 2

Cytotoxic therapy is recommended for tumors that are _____

Answer 2

aggressive

Question 3

With cancer, when are tyrosine kinase inhibitors effective?

Answer 3

With Her-2 mutations

Question 4

Define Neoplasm

Answer 4

Disorganized & Uncoordinated cell proliferation

Question 5

Blocking EGF, TGF, or ALK results in Cell _____

Answer 5

Death

Question 6

Define Dysplasia

Answer 6

• Does NOT extend beyond basement membrane
• Large, abnormal nuclei and cells thicken and undero more mitosis

Question 7

Define Anaplasia

Answer 7

A tumor with lack of differentiation

Question 8

Define Grade

Answer 8

Degree of differentiation

(How much resemblance to original cells)

Question 9

Next Generation Sequencing is good for _____, whereas FISH is good for ______

Answer 9

• Point mutations
• Translocations

Question 10

Define 3 components of Cancer “Stage” and main Acronym

Answer 10

• Surgical Cure
• Chemo and/or radiation
• Prognosis
• Tumor Node Metastases (TMN)

Question 11

For cancer, immunostaining MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 is helpful because these are all _____

Answer 11

Mismatch Repair proteins

Question 12

In cancer, what is EBER ISH? And why is the prognosis better if it’s positive?

Answer 12

EBV encoded small RNA in situ hybridization

Question 13

Carcinoma

Answer 13

Tumor of epithelial cells

Question 14

Sarcoma

Answer 14

Tumor of mesenchymal cell

• Lipo, Angio, Rhabdo, Leiomyo, Osteo, Chondro