Intro to Movement: Motor systems, control, learning

Question 1

3 considerations for motor control

Answer 1

1. task
2. environment
3. functional capability

Question 2

Which consideration is described?

*determined by individual capacity to meet demands of both task and environment

Answer 2

functional capability

Question 3

Which consideration is described?

*movement performed within specific environment

Answer 3

environment

Question 4

Which consideration is described?

*movement organized around task demands

Answer 4

task

Question 5

TASK constraints on movement (5)

Answer 5

1. difficulty
2. required neural control
3. base of support
4. manipulation
5. movement variability

Question 6

Difficulty in TASK is described as:

Answer 6

grading task based on their challenge within functional group (ADL’s, mobility)

Question 7

Discrete skills (clear beginning and ending) and Continuous activities (end determined by person: e.g walking) encompasses what TASK constraint?

Answer 7

required neural control

Question 8

What are 2 ways base of support is described?

Answer 8

1. stable

2. mobile

Question 9

Additional demands for stability reflects which TASK constraint?

Answer 9

manipulation

Question 10

How is the TASK constraint “movement variability” described?

Answer 10

1. open : action requires ongoing adaptation (soccer, dodge ball)
2. closed: action shows little variation (brushing teeth and other FM activities)

Question 11

2 ENVIRONMENTAL constraints on movement

Answer 11

1. regulatory

2. nonregulatory

Question 12

Which ENVIRONMENTAL constraint is described?

1. regulatory
2. nonregulatory
   * size, shape, weight of object being handled; movement changes based on aspect of environment

Answer 12

regulatory

Question 13

Which ENVIRONMENTAL constraint is described?

1. regulatory
2. nonregulatory
   * background noise, lighting, distraction; aspect of environment affects movement and performance but movement does not need to conform

Answer 13

nonregulatory

Question 14

INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraints on movement (3)

Answer 14

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action

Question 15

Which INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraint is described?

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action
   * movement: motor output from the CNS acting on muscles and joints

Answer 15

action

Question 16

Which INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraint is described?

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action
   * sensory: integration and interpretation of sensory inputs; perception influences action

Answer 16

perception

Question 17

Which INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraint is described?

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action
   * attention, motivation, emotional aspects of intent or goal

Answer 17

cognition

Question 18

Which INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraint is described?

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action
   * motor neurons, motor units, muscles, joints

Answer 18

action

Question 19

Which INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITY constraint is described?

1. perception
2. cognition
3. action
   * sensory receptors, intermediate processing structures (e.g thalamus), primary sensory cortices

Answer 19

perception

Question 20

What PROCESS is described?

• study of acquisition & modification of movement
• development of new strategies for movement
• involves perception, cognition, and action
• associated with practice or experience (with some variation)
• results in relatively permanent change in capability for motor action

Answer 20

motor learning