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Neuro second half > Cortex Structure/Function > Flashcards

Cortex Structure/Function Flashcards

1
Q

How thick is the cortex?

A

sheet of cells 2-4 mm thick

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2
Q

Which component is largest?

A

neocortex

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE

*6 layers in the cortex, all the same size

A

FALSE

  • Layer 4: thickest in primary sensory area b/c of thalamic nuclei
  • Layer 5: thickest is motor area, gives rise to descending motor pathways
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4
Q

2 cortical inputs

A
  1. thalamus

2. reticular formation

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5
Q

How does the thalamus project to cortex?

A
  • specific nuclei: sensory input to specific cortical regions
  • nonspecific nuclei: widespread cortical projects
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6
Q

How does the RF project to cortex?

A
  • serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine

* influences cortical motor and sensory processing: cognition

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7
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

  • convergence of dissimilar inputs
  • requires a variety of sources of input for function
  • perceives things as a whole
A

RIGHT

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8
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

*skills include visual spatial skills, musical tones, facial recognition, reading soc/emot cues

A

RIGHT

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9
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

*perceives things

A

RIGHT

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10
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

*language, logic, math, sequencing

A

LEFT

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11
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

  • precise organization
  • learning can become more specialized
  • breaks things into parts
A

LEFT

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12
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

  • difficulty with verbal expression
  • experiences the whole
A

RIGHT

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13
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

  • highly verbal
  • sequential learner
  • outcome oriented
  • time conscious
  • basically rational
A

LEFT

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14
Q

RIGHT or LEFT hemisphere?

  • excellent visual-spatial memory and spatial recall
  • adept at synthesis and intuitive processing
A

RIGHT

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15
Q

Degree to which either sensory reception or motor output on one side of the body is superior to that on the other side

A

laterality

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16
Q

Functions linked with specific regions

A

specialization

17
Q

Dominance; left/right functions

A

laterality

18
Q

TRUE/FALSE

*There is an IMPOSED left/right laterality, but really it is not that a simple

A

TRUE

19
Q

TRUE/FALSE

*Prefrontal cortex has limited inputs.

A

FALSE

  • basically, you could say everything!
  • all cortical regions, limbic system, monoaminergic nuclei of brainstem
  • neurons are HETEROMODAL
20
Q

Output of the PFC

A
  1. Basal Ganglia
  2. hypothalamus
  3. thalamus
  4. brainstem nuclei linked with sensory, motor, autonomic functions
21
Q

Which area integrates motivational events with sensory inputs?

A

PFC

22
Q

Name 5 characteristics of lesions to PFC.

A
  1. unilateral neglect
  2. loss of concern for others or socially appropriate behavior
  3. apathetic
  4. loss of foresight, judgment, insight
  5. easily distractible
23
Q

General functions of PFC:

A
  1. sentience
  2. general intelligence
  3. personality
  4. conscience
  5. representational knowledge
  6. guides thought, action, emotion and inhibits inappropriate thought, distractions, actions, feelings
24
Q

Broca’s area connects to Wernicke’s area via __________

A

arcuate fasciculus

25
Q

A lesion in Broca’s motor speech area

A

non-fluent aphasia

difficulty producing speech, comprehension maintained

26
Q

A lesion in Wernicke’s area

A

fluent aphasia

speech fluent, but non-sensical, semantically inappropriate

27
Q

A lesion in arcuate fasciculus

A 
conduction aphasia
(fluent speech, adequate comprehension; poor repetition for words; poor phoneme sequencing; modeling does not help)
28
Q

Thalamus projects to many areas and serves as a relay station. Name projections:
*spinothalamic pathways (pain, temperature, light tough) and dosal column medial lemniscal pathway (deep touch, prop, discrimination)

A

post cental gyrus

29
Q

Thalamus projects to many areas and serves as a relay station. Name projections:
*auditory

A

Brodmann area 41

30
Q

Thalamus projects to many areas and serves as a relay station. Name projections:
*visual

A

Area 17 Primary visual cortex

31
Q

Thalamus projects to many areas and serves as a relay station. Name projections:
*taste

A

postcentral gyrus

32
Q

Thalamus projects to many areas and serves as a relay station. Name projections:
*vestibular

A

postcentral gyrus

33
Q

Lesions in the somatosensory areas will lead to:

A 
difficulties in
1. touch localization, stereognosis
2. exploration of environment with touch
3. synthesis of personal and extra-personal space
CALLED PARASTHESIA
34
Q

Lesions in the visual areas will lead to:

A
  • deficits in depth perception, distance judgment, spatial orientation, hue discrimination
  • difficulty naming things seen, visual agnosia
35
Q

Lesions in the auditory areas will lead to:

A

bilateral or unilateral that disconnects from Wernicke’s area: pure word deafness

Neuro second half (9 decks)

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