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Microbiology PMY 3 > Intro To Microbiology > Flashcards

Intro To Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of life organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye and require a microscope to be visualized

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2
Q

What are the earliest known infections?

A
  • 3180 BC pestilence (plague)
  • 1900 BC bubonic plague ( Yersinia pestis)
  • 1500 BC smallpox Variola
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3
Q

Give a brief description of the mechanism of an infectious disease with an example

A
  • Pathogen colonizes the body
  • The pathogen causes a disease
  • e.g. TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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4
Q

Briefly describe microbial intoxication with an example

A
  • Pathogen produces a toxin in vitro(in food)
  • A person ingests the toxin
  • toxin causes the disease
  • Example Staphyloccocus aureus food poisoning
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5
Q

Describe decomposers or Saprophytes

A
  • Lives on dead or decaying organic matter

- Some of these can be used recycle wastes or clean contaminated areas…Bioremediation

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6
Q

What is microbial ecology?

A
  • The role microbes play in recycling organic material and their role in elemental cycles (nitrogen cycle)
  • the role of plankton in our ocean and water environments
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7
Q

Describe the role of plankton in the ocean and water environments

A

Food chain and oxygen production:

  • Phytoplankton: small marine plants and algae
  • Zooplankton: small marine animals
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8
Q

What field in microbiology studies fungi(moulds, yeasts)?

A

Mycology

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9
Q

What field in microbiology studies Algae/seaweeds ?

A

Phycology/algology

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10
Q

What cell type is fungi?

A

Eukaryotes

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11
Q

What cell type are parasites?

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

What cell types are Algae?

A

Eukaryotes

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13
Q

What cell types are viruses and bacteriophages?

A

Not cells

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14
Q

What cell type is bacteria ?

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

What cell type Archea?

A

Prokaryotes

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16
Q

What are the identifying of bacteria?

A

Differentiating features - eg cell wall components

Shape and size:

  • bacillus(rod shape)
  • coccus(spherical shape)
  • spirilla(spiral shape)
  • vibrio(curved shape)

Reproductive strategy- asexual reproduction (binary fission)

Environments- aerobic, anaerobic, halophilic, acidophilic

17
Q

What is the identifying characteristics of Archaea?

A
  • Microscopic
  • Cell wall present- lacks peptidoglycans

Generally found in extreme environments:

  • methanogens(methane producing organisms)
  • halophiles (Archeans that live in salty environments )
  • thermophiles( archaeans that live at extremely hot temperatures)
  • psychophiles(cold-temperatures)
18
Q

Give examples of archaea in extreme environments

A
  • methanogens(methane producing organisms)
    • halophiles (Archeans that live in salty environments )
    • thermophiles( archaeans that live at extremely hot temperatures)
    • psychophiles(cold-temperatures)
19
Q

What are the possible sizes and shapes of bacteria?

A
  • bacillus(rod shape)
  • coccus(spherical shape)
  • spirilla(spiral shape)
  • vibrio(curved shape)
20
Q

What are the identifying characteristics of Fungi?

A
  • Can undergo either asexual or sexual replication
  • Various sizes- macro fungi (mushrooms) to microscopic
  • Dimorphic fungi - can exist in the form of both mold and yeast

Includes Saprophytic and parasitic fungi

21
Q

Differentiate Saprophytic and parasitic fungi

A

Saprophytic fungi- live on organic matter

Parasitic fungi- live on or within other living organisms

22
Q

What are the identifying characteristics of parasites- protozoa (eukaryotes)

A
  • most are unicellular
  • larger than bacteria 3-2000 micrometers
  • Common to aquatic and terrestrial environments
  • most are motile
23
Q

Give examples of zoonotic protozoan diseases of companion animals

A
  • Toxoplasmosis (T. gondii)
  • Giardiasis( Giardia sp.)
  • Trypanosomiasis (T Cruzi)
  • Leishmaniases (Leishmania so.)
24
Q

What are the identifying characteristics of parasitic helminths ?

A

These burrow into the human host and cause disease

  • Trematodes (flatworms)- Schistosomiasis
  • Nematoads (roundworms) - Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Cestodes(tapeworms)
25
Q

Diatoms(microscopic form) and Seaweed are examples of _____________

A

Algae (eukaryotes)

26
Q

Describe the identifying characteristics of viruses

A

Acellular- microscopic

Different shapes and arrangements

27
Q

What cell types lack a cell wall?

A

Viruses( acellular), protist and animal cells

28
Q

Describe the cellular component of each cellular type

A

Virus- noncellular

Bacteria- unicellular

Protist- unicellular

Fungi- unicellular or multicellular

Plants- multicellular

Animals- multicellular

Microbiology PMY 3 (24 decks)

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