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PoD > Intro to Microbiology > Flashcards

Intro to Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

List infecting agents

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
  • Prions
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2
Q

List sterile sites

A
  • Blood
  • CSF
  • Lung
  • Bladder
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3
Q

List non-sterile sites

A
  • Skin
  • Nasophaynx
  • Urethra
  • Gut
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4
Q

What makes a site sterile?

A

Internal sites which has no organisms associated with it

Any organisms found in sterile sites indicates that there is a problem

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5
Q

What makes a site non-sterile?

A

An external site with a variety of organism associated with it

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6
Q

What specimen would be required for a chest infection?

A

Sputum

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7
Q

What specimen would be required for a UTI?

A

Mid-stream urine (MSU)

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8
Q

What specimen would be required for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Throat swab

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9
Q

What specimen would be required for a wound or site of infection?

A

Swan or pus

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10
Q

What specimen would be required for bacteraemia?

A

Blood culture

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11
Q

What specimen would be required for meningitis?

A

CSF

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12
Q

What types of microscopy if there?

A
  • Light
  • Unstained (for pus and parasites)
  • Stained (bacteria and fungi)
  • ZN stain or auramine stain - mycobacteria
  • Virus not visible
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13
Q

Describe gram stain

A
  • Rapid
  • Not sensitive
  • Can’t identify particular species
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14
Q

Describe bacterial culture

A
  • Slow
  • Sensitive
  • Culture conditions must be suitable for expected species - type of media, atmosphere, temp, duration of incubation
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15
Q

What are the different types of media?

A
  • Non-selective: blood, chocolates - Specialised - for mycobacteria
  • Selective - MacConkey
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16
Q

How to ID species

A
  • Use observable characters; morphological, physiological, biochemical
  • DNA based tests
  • Typing distinguishes strains within a species
17
Q

How to diagnose viral infections

A
  • PCR
  • Antigen detection
  • Serology to determine immunity
18
Q

Diagnostic principle in parasitology

A
  • Microscopy of different stages
    • Parasites, cyst, ova in faeces
    • Blood films for malaria
  • Culture rarely possible
  • Serology
19
Q

List healthcare acquired infections

A
  • Methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Organisms with B-lactamases (ESBLs)
  • Noroviruses
20
Q

List way to carry out infection control

A

-Wash hands before touching patients and between patients
Swab stethoscope between patients
-Patients isolated in single room or have extra precautions

PoD (35 decks)

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