Acute Inflammation 1 Flashcards
What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- Rubor (redness)
- Calot (heat)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Dolor (pain)
- Loss of function
What are 6 causes of acute inflammation?
- Microorganisms
- Mechanical (trauma)
- Chemical (pH)
- Extreme physical condition (sunburn, frostbite)
- Dead tissue
- Hypersensitivity
What is microcirculation?
- Circulation of blood in capillaries (from arterioles to venules)
- Lymphatic capillaries and ducts
Outline pathogenesis in acute inflammation
- Vessel radius change
- Change in permeability of vessel wall - Exudation
What is exudation?
Movement of neutrophils from vessel to extravascular space
What are the 3 types of vessel radius change?
- Ateriolar constriction
- Ateriolar dilation
- Relaxation of smooth muscle
What is the triple reponse?
Flush, flare, wheal
Why increase radius of blood vessel?
Increases local tissue blood flow
-Redness and heat
What causes changes in vessel wall during acute inflammation?
Locally produced chemical mediators cause an endothelial leak - fluid and protein diffuse to tissue
What are the effect of increased permeability?
Net movement of plasma from capillaries to extravascular space (exudation)
What are the components of exudate?
Fluid which is rich in plasma protein; immunoglobulin and fibrinogen
What are the effects of exudation?
Oedema formed causing tissue to swell and thus causing pain and reducing function
What is oedema?
Accumulation of fluid in extravascular space
Effect of increased permeability on flow
Slows down due to increased viscosity - stasis
In short, what are the stages in the movement of neutrophils into extravascular space?
- Margination
- Pavementing
- Emigration
