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BACTE > INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

absence of cell wall

A

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genera

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2
Q

[microbial classification]

ability of an organism to reproducibly stain a particular color with the application of specific dyes and reagents

A

staining characteristics

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3
Q
  • responsible for bacterial motility
  • rotary in motion
A

flagella

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4
Q

nonmotile, long, hollow protein tubes that connect two bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange.

A

pili

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5
Q

Based on various genetic and phenotypic characteristics shared among the species.

A

Genus

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6
Q

[type of classification]

  • Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
A

Domains

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7
Q

movement of photosynthetic bacteria toward the light

A

phototaxis

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8
Q

study of microorganisms, a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cells or cell clusters

A

microbiology

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9
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar orders
A

Class

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10
Q

[microbial classification]

ability of an organism to grow at various temperatures, in the presence of oxygen and other gases, at various pH levels, or in the presence of other ions & salts

A

environmental requirments

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11
Q

movement toward the optimal oxygen concentration

A

aerotaxis

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12
Q

three (3) regions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A
  • antigenic O-specific polysaccharide
  • core polysaccharide
  • inner lipid A (endotoxin)
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13
Q

[type of classification]

  • specific epithet
  • lowercase Latin adjective or noun
  • most exclusive taxa
A

Species

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14
Q

[true or false]

some bacilli are curved

A

true

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15
Q

bacilli with tapered, pointed ends

A

fusiform

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16
Q

[true or false]

not all helical bacteria are called spirochetes

A

true

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17
Q

lacks the rigidity of the cell wall

A

pleomorphic

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18
Q

other components unique to gram-positive cell wall

A

teichoic acid & lipoteichoic acid

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19
Q

five (5) rings of gram-negative flagella

A
  • L-ring
  • P-ring
  • S-ring
  • M-ring
  • C-ring
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20
Q

the outermost structure of the cell

A

cell envelope

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21
Q

[microbial classification]

microbial growth patterns on artificial media as observed when inspected with the unaided eye

A

macroscopic morphology

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22
Q

act as virulence factors in helping the pathogen evade phagocytosis

A

glycocalyx

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23
Q

five (5) group of organisms under Microbiology

A

bacteria
parasites
fungi
viruses
prions

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24
Q

have a gram-positive cell wall structure but also contain a waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids (mycolic acid)

A

acid-fast cell wall

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25
Q

a single flagellum may reside at both ends of the cell

A

amphitrichous flagella

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26
Q

two major type of cell walls

A

gram-positive & gram-negative

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27
Q

bilayered structure composed of lipopolysaccharide, which gives the surface of gram-negative bacteria a net negative charge

A

outer membrane

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28
Q

movement of respiratory bacteria toward alternative electron acceptors

A

electron acceptor taxis

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29
Q

Under adverse physical and chemical conditions or when nutrients are scarce

A

endospore

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30
Q

method for organizing microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits

A

classification

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31
Q

bears a set of rings: one pair in gram-positive bacteria and two pairs in gram-negative bacteria.

A

basal body

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32
Q

bacilli align themselves side by side

A

palisading

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33
Q
  • transport of solutes into and out of the cell
  • housing of enzymes involved in outer membrane synthesis, cell wall synthesis, and the assembly and secretion of extracytoplasmic and extracellular substances
  • generation of chemical energy (ATP)
  • cell motility
  • mediation of chromosomal segregation during replication
  • housing of molecular sensors that monitor chemical and physical changes in the environment
A

cytoplasmic membrane

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34
Q

very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein) layer

A

gram-positive cell wall

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35
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar species
A

Genus

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36
Q

also referred to as peptidoglycan or murein layer

A

cell wall

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37
Q

storage form of inorganic phosphates

A

polyphosphate

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38
Q

contains the murein layer, consists of gel-like substances that assist in the capture of nutrients from the environment

A

periplasmic space

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39
Q

periplasm is found only in __________

A

gram-negative bacteria

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40
Q

eight (8) classifications under Microbiology

A

Domains
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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41
Q

sticky, proteinaceous, hairlike appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to one another and to environmental surfaces

A

fimbriae

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42
Q
  • short curved structure
  • act as the universal joint between the motor in the basal structure and the flagellum
A

hook

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43
Q

[microbial classification]

exhibition of a characteristic inherent resistance to specific antibiotics, heavy metals, or toxins

A

resistance profiles

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44
Q

storage form of glucose

A

glycogen

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45
Q

[microbial classification]

size, shape, intracellular inclusions, cellular appendages, and arrangement of cells when observed with the aid of microscopic magnification

A

microscopic morphology

46
Q

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

A

Disaccharides

47
Q

naming of organisms according to established rules and guidelines set

A

nomenclature

48
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar classes
  • equivalent to the division taxa in botany
A

Phylum

49
Q

cell wall composed of _________ macromolecule, also known as the _________

A

peptidoglycan, murein layer

50
Q

pili is also known as _________

A

conjugation pili

51
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar genera
A

Family

52
Q

________ and ________ are best stained with acid-fast stain

A

Mycobacterium, Nocardiae

53
Q

examples of genotype characteristics

A

base sequencing & base composition ratio of:
- DNA
- RNA

54
Q

present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is the deepest layer of the cell envelope.

A

cytoplasmic membrane

55
Q

responsible of producing fever and shock conditions in patients infected with gram-negative bacteria

A

LPS (lipid A)

56
Q

[true or false]

bacilli have only rounded ends

A

false

has square and rounded ends

57
Q

the inner peptidoglycan layer is much thinner

A

gram-negative cell wall

58
Q

contains different species that have several important features in common

A

Genus

59
Q

contains several enzymes involved in the degradation of macromolecules and detoxification of environmental solutes, including antibiotics that enter through the outer membrane

A

periplasmic space

60
Q

function is to stabilize the outer membrane and anchor it to the peptidoglycan layer

A

lipoprotein

61
Q

it is never found in the cell walls of Archaea or eukaryotes

A

Diaminopimelic acid

62
Q

mechanism by which a change in cell behavior is brought about in response to a change in the environment

A

sensory transduction

63
Q

entire cell surface may be covered with flagella

A

peritrichous flagella

64
Q

[microbial classification]

  • DNA comprises four bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine).
  • The extent to which the DNA from two organisms is made up of cytosine and guanine relative to their total base content can be used as an indicator of relatedness or lack thereof
A

DNA base composition ratio

65
Q

function in the storage of energy or as a reservoir of structural building blocks

A

inclusion bodies

66
Q

provides attachment sites that enhance attachment to host cell

A

cell membrane

67
Q

composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides, protect bacteria from attack by components of the human immune system

A

capsule

68
Q

the most abundant protein of gram-negative cells

A

lipoprotein

69
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar families
A

Order

70
Q

movement towards sugars and amino acids

A

chemotaxis

71
Q

contain only two basal body rings: One is embedded in the peptidoglycan layer, and the second is embedded in the cell membrane.

A

gram-positive flagella

72
Q

major lipid component of acid-fast cell wall

A

mycolic acid

73
Q

[microbial classification]

the extent to which sequences are homologous (similar) between two microorganisms can be determined directly/indirectly by various molecular methods

A

Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA) base sequence characteristics

74
Q

________ initiate mating or conjugation only with ________

A

F-positive cells, F-negative cells

75
Q

collection of bacterial strains that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species

A

Species

76
Q

cover the bacterial surface and exclude hydrophobic compounds

A

O antigen

77
Q

multiple flagella may be present at the same end of the cell

A

lophotrichous flagella

78
Q

[microbial classification]

molecular constituents of the cell that are typical of a particular taxon, or organism group, as established by various analytic groups

A

subcellular properties

79
Q

sex pilus is present only in cells that produce a protein referred to as the?

A

F factor

80
Q

_________ vary in length and in the number of helical turns

A

spirochetes

81
Q

[microbial classification]

chemical constituents of the cell, such as the structure of teichoic acids, fatty acid analysis, and protein profiles, as determined by analytical methods

A

chemotaxonomic properties

82
Q

readily observable physical and functional features of an organism expressed by its genotype

A

Phenotype

83
Q

composed of protein flagellin

A

flagella

84
Q

acts as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substances

A

outer membrane

85
Q

controls the passage of nutrients and other solutes, including antibiotics, through the outer membrane

A

porins

86
Q

contains thousands of enzymes and is the site of protein synthesis

A

cytosol

87
Q

examples of phenotype characteristics:

A
  • macroscopic
  • microscopic
  • morphology
  • staining
  • nutritional requirements
  • physiologic / biochemical
  • susceptibility / resistance to antibiotics
88
Q
  • prokaryotic cell
  • unicellular
  • lack nuclear membrane
  • lack true nucleus
  • no mitochondria
  • no endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • no golgi bodies
A

bacteria

89
Q

[type of classification]

  • contains similar divisions or phyla
  • most inclusive taxa
A

Kingdom

90
Q

contains proteins, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

A

gram-negative cell wall

91
Q

have diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall

A

gram-negative cell wall

92
Q

formed by prokaryotes when carbon is in excess

A

glycogen

93
Q

contain genera, such as Mycobacterium and Nocardia

A

acid-fast cell wall

94
Q

[microbial classification]

ability of an organism to utilize various carbon and nitrogen sources as nutritional substrates when grown under specific environment conditions

A

nutritional requirements

95
Q
  • anti-phagocytic
  • twitching motility
A

pili

96
Q

two (2) common types of granules

A
  • glycogen
  • polyphosphate
97
Q

equipped with a basal body structure that contains five rings

A

gram-negative flagella

98
Q

flagella located at one end of the cell

A

monotrichous flagella

99
Q

plural of genus

A

Genera

100
Q

bacteria occur in three (3) basic shapes

A
  • cocci (spherical)
  • bacilli (rod-shaped)
  • spirochetes (spiral)
101
Q
  • group of organisms
  • contain multiple genera and consists of organisms with a common attribute
A

Family

102
Q

other genetic elements in the cytosol

A

plasmids

103
Q

singular form of fimbriae

A

fimbria

104
Q

formation of “slime layers” or biofilms

A

glycocalyx

105
Q

ICNB / BC

A

International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria / Bacteriological Code

106
Q

produced when the source of nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous is limited and there is excess carbon in the medium

A

poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)

107
Q

[microbial classification]

profiles of microorganisms established by various serologic and immunologic methods to determine relatedness among various microbial groups

A

antigenic properties

108
Q

singular form of pili

A

pilus

109
Q

genetic makeup of an organism, or combinations of forms of one or a few genes under scrutiny in an organism’s genome

A

Genotype

110
Q

extends from one end of the bacterium

A

polar flagella

111
Q

encloses the cytoplasm

A

cytoplasmic / cell membrane

BACTE (6 decks)

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