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BACTE > HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS > Flashcards

HOST-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

they are able to survive but do not multiply on the surface, and are frequently shed with the host cell

A

transient colonizers

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2
Q

[corresponding infection-disease stages]

no signs or symptoms

A

incubation stage

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3
Q

number of new diseases/infected persons in a population

A

disease incidence

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4
Q

the incidence of a particular disease state

A

morbidity rate

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5
Q
  • the administration of antibiotics when the risk of developing an infection is high
  • another common medical intervention for preventing infection
A

prophylactic antimicrobial therapy

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6
Q

infections acquired as a result of a medical procedure, such as insertion of a central line, catheter, or ventilator, or as a result of participation or admission into a health care facility

A

health care-associated infection

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7
Q

infections caused by opportunistic pathogens

A

opportunistic infections

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8
Q

most commonly associated with gram-positive bacteria

A

exotoxin

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9
Q

hospital-acquired, healthcare-associated, or long-term care-associated infections are referred to as ______________

A

nosocomial infections

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10
Q

when a human infection results from animal bites, bite of insect vectors, it is referred to as ______________

A

zoonotic infection

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11
Q

an epidemic that spans the world

A

pandemic

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12
Q

measure or degree of pathogenicity of an organism

A

virulence

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13
Q

five (5) infection-disease stages

A
  • incubation stage
  • prodromal stage
  • clinical stage
  • stage of decline
  • convalescent stage
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14
Q

any type of epidemiologic investigation that involves data collection for characterizing circumstances surrounding the incidence/prevalence of a particular disease/infection

A

surveillance

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15
Q

[corresponding infection-disease stages]

first signs and symptoms, pathogen may be highly communicable

A

prodromal stage

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16
Q

can occur when microorganisms from one individual contaminate a vehicle of transmission, such as water, that is ingested by another person

A

indirect transmission

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17
Q

a nonliving entity that is contaminated with the etiologic agent and such is the mode of transmission for that agent

A

vehicle

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18
Q

laboratory-based characterization of etiologic agents designed to establish their relatedness to one another during a particular outbreak or epidemic

A

strain typing

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19
Q

[host-microorganism intercations]

pathogen encounters & colonizes host surface

A

encounter and entry

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20
Q

antibodies against a particular pathogen that have been produced in one host are transferred to a second host, where they provide temporary protection

A

passive immunization

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21
Q

modified antigens from pathogenic microorganisms are introduced into the body and cause an immune response

A

active immunization

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22
Q

infectious processes that develop quickly

A

acute infections

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23
Q

infection for which the etiologic agents was acquired in a hospital or long-term health care center facility

A

nosocomial infection

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24
Q

[corresponding infection-disease stages]

full recovery of surviving host or chronic infection develops, or death

A

convalescent stage

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25
Q
  • not only do they survive but also thrive and multiply
  • their presence is more persistent
A

resident microbiota

26
Q

[corresponding infection-disease stages]

condition of host deteriorates possibly to death or signs and symptoms begin to subside as host condition improves

A

stage of decline

27
Q

produced and released by living bacteria; do not require bacterial death for release

A

exotoxin

28
Q

a disease constantly present at some rate of occurrence in a particular location

A

endemic

29
Q

the means by which etiologic agents are brought in contact with the human host

A

mode of transmission

30
Q

pathogens and the characteristics that enable them to cause disease are referred to as ____________

A

virulence factors

31
Q

[corresponding infection-disease stages]

peak of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection or disease

A

clinical stage

32
Q

accomplished by disruption of the skin and mucosal surfaces by several mechanisms or by direct action of an organism’s virulence factors

A

invasion

33
Q

organisms that cause infection when one or more of the host’s defense mechanisms are disrupted or malfunctions

A

opportunistic pathogens

34
Q

the incidence in which a disease results in death

A

mortality rate

35
Q

microorganisms that inhabit many surfaces of the human body

A
  • colonizers
  • normal flora
  • normal microbiota
  • human microbiome
36
Q

acquiring a microorganism from another human serving as the reservoir

A

direct transmission

37
Q

a microorganism responsible for causing infection or infectious disease

A

etiologic agent

38
Q

two (2) basic approaches to immunization

A
  • active immunization
  • passive immunization
39
Q

general toxin common to almost all gram-negative bacteria

A

endotoxin

40
Q

[host-microorganism intercations]

pathogen completes cycle:
- leaves host
- destroys host
- remains in latent state
- destroyed by host

A

outcome

41
Q

organism’s ability to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

42
Q

a living entity that transmits the etiologic agent

A

vector

43
Q

the origin of the etiologic agent or location from which it disseminates

A

reservoir

44
Q

a person who harbors the etiologic agent but shows no apparent signs/symptoms of infection/disease

A

carrier

45
Q

[host-microorganism intercations]

pathogen multiplies and breaches host defenses

A

colonization and entry

46
Q

[host-microorganism intercations]

pathogen invades deeper tissues and disseminates, encounters inflammatory and immune response

A

invasion and disseminate

47
Q

a single source/reservoir from which an etiologic agent responsible for an epidemic/outbreak originates

A

common source

48
Q

viruses that can be clinically silent inside the body without any noticeable effect on the host before suddenly causing a severe and acute infection

A

latent

49
Q

the state of disease and its associated effects on the host

A

morbidity

50
Q

an individual’s microbiologic environment, present in/on the human host

A

microbiome

51
Q

[what are these?]

  • level of virulence
  • number of organisms introduced into host
  • body sites pathogen targets for invasion
A

microbial factors

52
Q

released when a gram-negative bacterial cell is destroyed

A

endotoxin

53
Q

[SURVIVAL AGAINST INFLAMMATION]

avoid phagocytosis by producing a large _________ that inhibits the phagocytic process

A

capsule

54
Q

percentage of diseased persons in a given population at a particular time

A

disease prevalence

55
Q

infections that develop and progress slowly, sometimes over a period of years

A

chronic infections

56
Q

a larger than normal number of diseased/infected individuals that occurs over a relatively short period

A

outbreak

57
Q

[what are these?]

  • general state of health
  • integrity of surface defenses
  • capacity for inflammatory & immune response
  • level of immunity
  • impact of medical intervention
A

host factors

58
Q

a larger-than-normal number of diseased or infected individuals in a particular location

A

epidemic

59
Q

composed of the lipopolysaccharide portion of the cell envelope

A

endotoxin

60
Q

death resulting from disease

A

mortality

BACTE (6 decks)

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