intro to metabolism and bioenergetics

Question 1

bioenergetics

Answer 1

scientific term uses to describe the transfer and utilization of energy (energy flow) in biological systems

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

The ability to do work

in biological systems energy is neither created nor lost but only converted from one form to another

Question 3

free energy change deltaG

Answer 3

provide a measure of the energetic feasibility of a chemical reaction and therefore allow prediction of whether a reaction can take place

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

all of the chemical reactions that take place inside the organism (cell)

Question 5

Enthalpy

Answer 5

deltaH

a measure of the change in heat content of the reactants and products

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

delta S

a measure of the change in randomness or disorder of reactants and products

Question 7

absoulte temperature

Answer 7

T

in Kelvin

Question 8

Exergonic

Answer 8

can proceed spontaneously
delta is negative
energy is released

Question 9

Endergonic

Answer 9

Cannot proceed spontaneously
deltaG positive
energy must be added

Question 10

deltaG=0

Answer 10

the reactant and product reach equilibrium

Question 11

what does deltaG depend on?

Answer 11

concentration of A and B

deltaG=standard free energy + RT ln[B]/[A]

Question 12

standard free energy

Answer 12

free energy change under standard conditions

Question 13

pathways

Answer 13

reactions in cells are generally organized into multistep sequences
Example-glycolysis

Question 14

the product of one reaction…

Answer 14

serves as the substrate of a subsequent reaction

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

different pathways can also intersect, forming integrated and purposeful network of chemical reactions

Question 16

what does the actual rate of the pathway depend on?

Answer 16

activity of the enzymes that catalyze each step

Question 17

catabolic reactions

Answer 17

exergonic

releases the energy stored in the complex molecules during their break down to simple end products

Question 18

anabolic reactions

Answer 18

endergonic

consumes energy to synthesize complex molecules from simple precursors

Question 19

Human metabolism serves 2 purposes

Answer 19

1. the capture of energy in the form of ATP or reduced compounds from the degradation of energy rich fuel molecules
2. allows dietary molecules or nutrients stored in cells to be converted into building blocks to be used for synthesis of complex molecules

Question 20

3 major steps of catabolic pathways

Answer 20

1. Hydrolysis of complex molecules
   2conversion of building blocks to simple intermediates
2. oxidation of acetyl CoA

Question 21

oxidation of acetyl CoA

Answer 21

the TCA cycle is the final common pathway in the oxidation of fuel molecules to produce NADH and FADH2

Question 22

anabolic pathways

Answer 22

require energy (ATP, NADH, NADPH)
divergent process

Question 23

regulation of metabolism

Answer 23

coordinate the function of the body as a whole