block one Flashcards
Body composition molecules
Water 60-70% Protein 15-20% Lipid 15-20% Ca PO4 4-5% Carbs 2-4% nucleic acids 1%
monosaccharide structure
polyhydroxyl-aldehydes OR Ketones
Fatty Acids Structure
Long hydrocarbon chains with terminal carboxylic acids
Amino Acid Structure
amino- and carboxylate- groups
Cystein structure
amino acid with a sulfhydryl group in its R structure
fats structure
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol via 3 ester bonds
Protein structure
amino acids linked together via amide (peptide) bond
What functional groups are associated with monosaccharides?
Polyhydroxyl - aldehydes OR ketones
Why are monosaccharides termed polyhydroxyl-aldehydes?
lots of OH
What two functional groups are present in fructose?
ketone and alcohol
What functuonal groups are associated with TAG and with these 3 fatty acids?
esters. (alcohol + acid=ester)
What is the difference between the terms carboxylic acid and carboxylate groups?
Carboxylic acid has it’s -, carboxylate can be protonated
What fatty acids are saturated and which are unsaturated?
double bonds present in back bone means unsaturated
Esters are a condensation product from what 2 functional groups?
alcohol and acid
Name all 3 ketone bodies
acetoacetate, acetone, 3-hydroxybutarate
Which ketone bodies are acids?
acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutarate
Why are they compounds named ketone bodies?
They have ketone functional group
What disease is associated with ketoacidosis?
diabetes
Ketone bodies are derived from ehat macronutrient?
carbohydrates
which ketone body is present in the breath of an untreated diabetic
acetone
How do acetoacetate and hydroxybutate differ structurally?
acetoacetate has a ketone, 3-hydroxybutyrate has alcohol
Which ketone body is volatile?
acetone is volatile
