cell biochem Flashcards
tissue
cells from the same kind that perform a shared function
cell theory
all living organisms are composed of one or more cells , the cells are the basic unit of all life and new cells arise from existing cells
What are the membrane bound organelles?
ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, golgi complex, lysosomes
What are the non membrane bound organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles
glycoprotein
protein with carbohydrate attached to it. outer surface only
fluid mosaic model
provides cell boundary, controls transport of molecules, cell contact and recognition
aquaorin
abundant in ocular tissue
cytoplasm
entire space between the plasma membrane and nucleus containing all cellular organelles
cytosol
liquid-gel-like environment in which the organelles are suspended
chromosomes
structures within the nucleus made up of DNA and proteins associated with DNA (histones). only visibile when the cell is getting ready for division
chromatin
The unwound form of DNA-protein complex
what is the only organelles with their own DNA?
mitochondria
what is the function of the mitochondria
site for oxidative phosphorylation that provides energy in the form of ATP
Rough ER
protein modification
Golgi apparatus
sorting, packing, tagging of proteins and lipids. cis face, trans face
whats the difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?
lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzyme mixture
peroxisomes contain urate oxidase crystalline core
peroxisome
break down waste materials and cellular debris, digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses or bactera.
lysosomes
breakdown of molecules by oxidative reactions. uric acid, amino acids, fatty acids through B-oxidation
ribosomes
synthesis of polypeptide chain
centrosome
particiaptes in pulling the chromasomes apart toward the two opposite cell poles during cell division
cytoskeleton
structural support network of proteins maintaining cells shape and intracellular movements
cilia and flagella
microtubules that contain a-tubulin and B-tubulin. Cilia move fluids pass the surface, flagellum is one large thing that moves the cell by wiggling (sperm is only one in humans)
Vesicles
membrane bound sacs that function in storage, transport, endo-and pinocytosis
cell connections in extracellular matrix of animal cells
complex network of carbohydrates (proteoglycans, collagen fibers, fibronectin, elastic fibers. Holds cell together to form a tissue, allows the cells to communicate with each other
Tight Junctions
form water tight connections between two adjacent animal cells. Protein claudins and occludins create tight junction adherence. Prevents materials from leaking between the cells. Found in epithelial tissues
desmosomes
forms strong spot weld between cells. it is created by the linkage of cadherins and intermediate filaments. not as tightly connected. Maintains cells in a sheet like formation in tissues that stretch (skin, heart, muscle)
Gap junctions
protein-lined pore that allows water and small molecules to pass between adjacent animal cells. transort of ions, nutrients and other substances, allows cells to communicate
retinal cells
rods and cones have special types of cilia composed of flattened saccules (sas), membranous disks. functions- contain the photosensitive compounds reacting to light
rhodopsin
composed of Opsin and Retinal. in the Rod
Other opsins
in cones. three different kinds of cones. blue(s), green(m), red(L). responds to specific wavelengths
