Intro To Immunology

Question 1

Define Innate Immunity

Answer 1

1. Always present in individual
2. Recognizes GROUPS of similar pathogens (general features)
3. NO MEMORY

Question 2

What are 3 broad examples of Innate Immunity?

Answer 2

1. Physical Barriers
2. Chemical Defenses
3. Biologically Active Substance

Question 3

State examples of Physical Barriers

Answer 3

1. Skin

2. Mucous Membranes

Question 4

State Examples of Chemical Defenses

Answer 4

1. Natural Killer Cells (NK)

2. Phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)

Question 5

State Examples of Biologically Active Substances

Answer 5

1. Cytokines (TNF, induce fever)
2. Antimicrobial proteins
3. Lysozymes

Question 6

What do Macrophages do?

Answer 6

• Big Eaters
• Blood monocyte derivative
• 2-6% in WBC

Question 7

What do Neutrophils do?

Answer 7

• Enter infected tissue to engluf and kill extracellular pathorgens
• Normally in blood but can move to site of infection
• 50-60% in WBC

Question 8

What do Eosinophils do?

Answer 8

• Kill PARASITES that are too big to be ingested by phagocytes
• 1-4% in WBC

Question 9

What do Mast cells do?

Answer 9

• Found in CT throughout body

- Involved in responses to allergy and parasites

Question 10

What do Basophils do?

Answer 10

• Similar function as mast cells

- 0.5-1% in WBC

Question 11

What do Natural Killer (NK) cells do?

Answer 11

-Can kill som virus-infected cell and some tumor cells

Question 12

What do Dendritic Cells do?

Answer 12

• Bridge innate and adaptive immune response together

- COMMUNICATION

Question 13

Define Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)

Answer 13

Receptors that cells in the innate immune system have that detect groups of pathogens (general features)

Question 14

Define Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

Answer 14

The microbial product that is recognized by the PRR

Question 15

Define Adaptive Immunity

Answer 15

• Requires sensitization by antigen
• Antigen specific lymphocytes (B and T)
• Has memory

Question 16

What are the two classifications of Adaptive Immunity?

Answer 16

Humoral Immunity & Cell Mediated Immunity (CI)

Question 17

What is Humoral Immunity?

Answer 17

• Mediated by antigen specific ANTIBODIES

- Antibodies are produced by actiavted B Lymphocytes (plasma cells)

Question 18

T/F: Antibodies from B-lymphocytes can be transferred to non immune recipients (naive) by immune serum (antiserum).

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is Cell Mediated Immunity?

Answer 19

• Adaptive immune response involving T lymphocytes

- Intracellular

Question 20

T/F: Antibodies from the T lymphocytes can be transferred to non immune recipients via immune serum

Answer 20

FALSE: can be transferred by not by serum

Question 21

Which lymphocytes is higher in terms of contenct in the blood?

Answer 21

T cells

Question 22

Define Antibody

Answer 22

-a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.

Question 23

Define Antigen

Answer 23

-a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body

Question 24

Define Clonal Expansion

Answer 24

-Expansion of antigen-specific B and T cell clones

Question 25

What do primary lymphoid organs include?

Answer 25

• Bone Marrow (B cell development)

- Thymus (T cell development)

Question 26

What do secondary lymphoid organs include?

Answer 26

• Lymph Nodes
• Spleen
• Peyer’s Patch
• Tonsils

Question 27

It is recommended that five doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine be given over 12–15 years, starting in infancy. A sixth dose given in early adulthood is encouraged, to ensure long-lasting protection. Your patient has completed this regimen and you want to check that he has protective immunity to tetanus toxin. What should you be looking for in a blood sample?

Answer 27

The concentration of serum IgG specific for tetanus toxin