Intro To Immunology Flashcards
Define Innate Immunity
- Always present in individual
- Recognizes GROUPS of similar pathogens (general features)
- NO MEMORY
What are 3 broad examples of Innate Immunity?
- Physical Barriers
- Chemical Defenses
- Biologically Active Substance
State examples of Physical Barriers
- Skin
2. Mucous Membranes
State Examples of Chemical Defenses
- Natural Killer Cells (NK)
2. Phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)
State Examples of Biologically Active Substances
- Cytokines (TNF, induce fever)
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Lysozymes
What do Macrophages do?
- Big Eaters
- Blood monocyte derivative
- 2-6% in WBC
What do Neutrophils do?
- Enter infected tissue to engluf and kill extracellular pathorgens
- Normally in blood but can move to site of infection
- 50-60% in WBC
What do Eosinophils do?
- Kill PARASITES that are too big to be ingested by phagocytes
- 1-4% in WBC
What do Mast cells do?
- Found in CT throughout body
- Involved in responses to allergy and parasites
What do Basophils do?
- Similar function as mast cells
- 0.5-1% in WBC
What do Natural Killer (NK) cells do?
-Can kill som virus-infected cell and some tumor cells
What do Dendritic Cells do?
- Bridge innate and adaptive immune response together
- COMMUNICATION
Define Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)
Receptors that cells in the innate immune system have that detect groups of pathogens (general features)
Define Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
The microbial product that is recognized by the PRR
Define Adaptive Immunity
- Requires sensitization by antigen
- Antigen specific lymphocytes (B and T)
- Has memory
What are the two classifications of Adaptive Immunity?
Humoral Immunity & Cell Mediated Immunity (CI)
What is Humoral Immunity?
- Mediated by antigen specific ANTIBODIES
- Antibodies are produced by actiavted B Lymphocytes (plasma cells)
T/F: Antibodies from B-lymphocytes can be transferred to non immune recipients (naive) by immune serum (antiserum).
True
What is Cell Mediated Immunity?
- Adaptive immune response involving T lymphocytes
- Intracellular
T/F: Antibodies from the T lymphocytes can be transferred to non immune recipients via immune serum
FALSE: can be transferred by not by serum
Which lymphocytes is higher in terms of contenct in the blood?
T cells
Define Antibody
-a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.
Define Antigen
-a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
Define Clonal Expansion
-Expansion of antigen-specific B and T cell clones
What do primary lymphoid organs include?
- Bone Marrow (B cell development)
- Thymus (T cell development)
What do secondary lymphoid organs include?
- Lymph Nodes
- Spleen
- Peyer’s Patch
- Tonsils
It is recommended that five doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine be given over 12–15 years, starting in infancy. A sixth dose given in early adulthood is encouraged, to ensure long-lasting protection. Your patient has completed this regimen and you want to check that he has protective immunity to tetanus toxin. What should you be looking for in a blood sample?
The concentration of serum IgG specific for tetanus toxin
