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imse (prelim) > intro to immunology > Flashcards

intro to immunology Flashcards

1
Q

research

yellow fever vaccine

A

max theiler

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2
Q

identify

  • capable of destroying tissue invading helminthes
  • regulates inflammation
  • regulate mast cell function & cytokine production
  • capable of phagocytosis
  • dark-purple nucleus
  • pink-blue cytoplasm
  • reddish-orange granules
A

eosinophils

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3
Q

tissue macrophages

spleen - (?)

A

littoral cell / splenic macrophage

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4
Q

identify

  • phagocytize antigen and present it to T-helper cells
  • covered w/ long membranous extensions
  • most potent phagocytic cell & antigen presenting cell
A

dendritic cell

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5
Q

identify

  • must meet or primed by an initial exposure to a specific antigen
  • has slow reaction
  • it recognizes particular pathogen
  • need prior exposure
  • can remember on how they kill microorganism
A

adaptive immunity

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6
Q

tissue macrophages

kidney - (?)

A

mesangial macrophage

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7
Q

identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense

  • skin
  • mucous membrane
  • skin secretions
A

1st line

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8
Q

research

antihistamine research

A

daniel bovet

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9
Q

host immunity

  • immune system responds to an altered organism / non-infectious organism
  • immunity acquired by injection of synthetic or biological prapartaions such as vaccine
A

artificial active

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10
Q

identify

  • no action involved
  • the body or person merely receives antibodies
A

passive immunity

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11
Q

identify

he showed quantitative measurement of immune reaction

A

paul ehrlich

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12
Q

research

immunoregulation, monoclonal antibody

A

jerne, koehler, milstein

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13
Q

research

structure of antibodies

A

gerald edelman, rodney porter

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14
Q

identify

3 groups of PRRs

A
  • secreted PRRs
  • phagocytosis receptors
  • toll like receptors
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15
Q

identify

an immunity that is given by non-cellular substances (antibody)

A

humoral immunity

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16
Q

identify

  • 1st to migrate
  • short-lived
A

neutrophils

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17
Q

identify

  • amplify reactions that start w/ the mast cell at the site of entry of antigen
  • granules contain heparin and histamine
  • dark-blue to blue granules
A

basophil

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18
Q

identify

substances produces in response to antigenic stimulation that is capable of specific interaction w/ provoking antigen

A

antibody

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19
Q

identify

  • can degranulate when membrane-bound IgE binds an allergen
  • binds to IgE in hypersensitivity reaction and non-phagocytic
  • acts as gatekeepers
  • round, dark-purple nucleus
  • dark-blue cytoplasm
  • 9-18 mos life span
A

mast cells

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20
Q

research

serum antitoxins

A

emil von behring

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21
Q

identify

increases blood flow and brings phagocytes and other WBCs to the area (redness and heat)

A

vassodilation

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22
Q

identify

allowing fibrinogen and complement to enter the tissue from the blood (swelling and pain)

A

increased vascular permeability

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23
Q

identify

loosely binds circulating leukocytes & cause them to roll along the vascular wall

A

selectins

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24
Q

chemotaxis

  • excreted by leukocytes
  • influenced by opsinins
A

postive chemotaxis

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25
Q

identify

he awarded as the 1st immunology-related nobel prize for his works on serum therapy

A

emil von behring

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26
Q

tissue macrophages

placenta - (?)

A

hoff bauer cell

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27
Q

identify

exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent

A

cross immunity

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28
Q

research

phagocytosis

A

elie metchnikoff

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29
Q

tissue macrophages

CNS tissue - (?)

A

microglial cells

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30
Q

identify

  • antibody mediated
  • B lymphocyte
  • acts against extracellular pathogen
  • antibody-dependent cell mediated cytolysis (ADCC)
A

humoral

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31
Q

identify

function as host defense peptides

A

defensin

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32
Q

tissue macrophages

lungs - (?)

A

alveolar macrophage / dust cell

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33
Q

v

skin - (?)

A

langerhans cell

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34
Q

tissue macrophages

connective tissues

A

histiocytes

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35
Q

identify

  • 2nd to migrate
  • long-lived
A

monocytes / macrophages

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36
Q

identify

are membrane spanning glycoproteins that share a common structural element called leucin rich repeats (LRRs)

A

toll like receptors

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37
Q

research

anaphylaxis

A

charles ricket

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38
Q

identify

  • lipoprotein
  • peptidoglycan in gram (+) bacteris
  • gram (-) lipopolysaccharide
  • flagellin (bacterial)
  • mycoplasma

TLRs that are found on (?)

A

cell surfaces

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39
Q

identify

clears segments of bacterial cell wall w/o the benefit of O2

A

protease & defensins

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40
Q

identify

father of modern microbiology

A

louis pasteur

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41
Q

identify

ability to remember previous substances

A

memory

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42
Q

identify

its major function is to recognize “self” from “nonself”

A

immune system

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43
Q

research

transplantation

A

edward donnall thomas, joseph murray

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44
Q

identify

functions as opsonins

A

fibronectin

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45
Q

research

major histocompatibility complex

A

snell, dausset, bernacerrat

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46
Q

identify

they intiated interest in transplantation

A

medawar, et al

47
Q

identify

away from stimulating substances

A

negative chemotaxis

48
Q

phagocytosis

  • active ameboid motion
  • phagosome (final structure)
  • bacteria must be hydrophobic
A

engulfment

49
Q

passive immunity

  • immune product from another animal injected into the host
  • immunity acquired by injection of immuno sera or antitoxin
A

artificial passive

50
Q

identify

includes ciliated epithelial cells, bactericidal substances in mucosal secretions, complement split products activated by the alternative pathway that serve both as opsonins and chemotactic factors, and phagocytic cells

A

nonspecific host defenses

51
Q

identify

showed that diseases of skin, heart, joints, blood vessels, and kidney as well as fever could be caused by the body’s immunologic reaction to foreign protein

A

von pirquet and schick

52
Q

identify

attacks self antigens

A

autoimmunity

53
Q

identify

  • its already there even w/o prior exposure
  • already present at birth
  • has fast reaction
  • no need prior exposure
  • they have no memory on how they kill microorganisms
A

innate immunity

54
Q

identify

they showed immunologic basis of protein of certain kinds of allergy

A

praustnitz and kustner

55
Q

research

radioimmunoassay

A

rosalyn yalow

56
Q

passive immunity

  • immunity resulting from the utero transfer to the fetus of antibodies formed earlier in the mother
A

natural passive

57
Q

identify

an immunity that involves cells

A

cellular immunity

58
Q

identify

he discovered hypogammaglobulinemia

A

bruton

59
Q

research

cellular immunity in TB

A

robert koch

60
Q

identify

discovered the effect of attenuation

A

louis pasteur

61
Q

identify

inhibits growth of gram (+) bacteria in semen

A

spermin

62
Q

identify

inhibits the multiplication of gram (+) bacteria

A

betalysin

63
Q

research

complement

A

jules bordet

64
Q

identify

adaptive immunity is divided into 2 parts (?) (?)

A
  • antibody-mediated immunity
  • cell-mediated immunity
65
Q

host immunity

  • host is exposed to foreign immunogen
  • convalescent immunity that occurs when aperson recovers from an infection
A

natural active

66
Q

identify

ability to resist damage from foreign substances

A

immunity

67
Q

identify

all proteins are produced in the liver except (?) because they are produced in the bone marrow

A

immunoglobulins

68
Q

research

immunologic tolerance

A

macfarlane burnet & peter medawar

69
Q

identify

receptors used by mycrophage, dendritic cells and also by other immune cells to distinguish pathogens from normally present molecules in the body

A

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

70
Q

tissue macrophages

bones - (?)

A

osteoclasts

71
Q

identify

demonstrated injection of killed microbes to provide protection

A

louis pasteur

72
Q

identify

  • antiserum and immune globulin preparation
  • contain antibodies that combine w/ antigenic sites on the infectious organism or toxin. resulting in anti-invasive, neutralizing, or antitoxic activity
A

immune sera

73
Q

tissue macrophages

liver - (?)

A

kupffer cells

74
Q

identify

within one animal specie, they may be marked racial and genetic differences in suscpetibility

A

racial immunity

75
Q

identify

they showed anaphylaxis

A

ricket and portier

76
Q

identify

study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems, responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign/non-self-material

A

immunology

77
Q

tissue macrophages

lymph node - (?)

A

dendritic cell

78
Q

identify

  • phagocytize & destruction of foreign material & microorganisms
  • can undergo diapedes
  • dark-purple nucleus
  • light-pink cytoplasm
  • 6-8 hr half life
A

neutrophils

79
Q

identify

he developed prontosils (antibacterial agent for Streptococcus)

A

gerhard domagks

80
Q

identify

a process in which cells tend to move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemical substances

A

chemotaxis

81
Q

identify

  • aka “large granular lymphocytes”
  • 1st line of defense against tumor cell & viruses
  • kill tragets cells w/o prior exposure to them
  • 7-10 days half life
A

natural killer cell

82
Q

research

human immunodeficiency virus

A

francoise barre-sinoussi, luc montaignier

83
Q

identify

5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation

A
  • rubor (redness)
  • calor (heat)
  • dolor (pain)
  • tumor (swelling)
  • functio laesa (loss of function)
84
Q

phagocytosis

a vacuole formed w/i a phagocytic cell as pseudopodia surround a particle during the process of phagocytosis

A

phagosome formation

85
Q

phagocytosis

physical conytact between the phagocytuc cell and the microorganism occurs aided by opsinins

A

adherence

86
Q

identify

practice of inhaling powder made from (?) in order to produce protection

A

small pox scabs

87
Q

identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense

  • lymphocytes
  • antibodies
  • memory cells
A

3rd line

88
Q

identify

2 main types of immunity

A
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
89
Q

identify

a russian scientist whi discovered phagocytosis

A

elie metchnikoff

90
Q

identify

  • largest
  • stays in the blood for 30 hrs
  • fine, non-specific ground glass appearance w/ vacuoles
  • deeply indented light-purple nucleus
  • dull, gray-blue cytoplasm
A

monocyte

91
Q

identify

antigen suspension from a pathogen, administered to stimulate immune response against an infectious disease

A

vaccine

92
Q

identify

enable the leucocytes to crawl between endothelial cells

A

integrins

93
Q

identify

showed that acquired immunity resulted from both humural and cellular elements and described opsonization

A

white and douglas

94
Q

identify

  • endosomal dsRNA
  • viral SSRNA
  • bacterial, viral DNA, dsDNA

TLRs that are found on (?)

A

endosomal compartments

95
Q

identify

process of producing non-pathogenic bacteria for use in vaccine

A

attenuation

96
Q

identify

he observed that opsonins acted to coat bacteria so that they became more susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells

A

almroth wright

97
Q

v

antibody diversity

A

susumu tonegawa

98
Q

identify

  • cell mediated (cytokines)
  • T lymphocyte
  • acts against intracellular pathogen
  • elimination of tumor cell, graft rejection
  • hypersensitivoty reaction
A

cellular

99
Q

identify

he showed measurment of antigens and antibodies through precipitin analysis

A

heidelberger

100
Q

identify

given pathogenic microorganism which is capable of producing disease in one animal species but not in another

A

specie immunity

101
Q

identify

differences are evident due to the presence of natural antibodies against certain microorganism

A

individual immunity

102
Q

identify

vaccination comes from (?) which means cow

A

vacca

103
Q

identify

  • action is involved
  • the body forms the antibodies
  • the person produces his own antibodies
A

active immunity

104
Q

identify

an english country doctor who demonstrated the transfer of postural material from a cowpox lesion

A

edward jenner

105
Q

research

human blood group antigens

A

karl landsteiner

106
Q

identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense

  • phagocytic leukocytes
  • antimicrobial protein
  • inflammatory response
  • fever
A

2nd line

107
Q

v

  • substance w/ the ability to combine with an antibody
  • substance that stimulate adaptive immune response
A

antigen

108
Q

identify

a practice of introducing/injecting “crusts” from small pox into the skin

A

variolation

109
Q

identify

father of immunology

A

louis pasteur

110
Q

identify

they showed immunoelectrophoresis

A

grabar and williams

111
Q

identify

he discovered penicillin

A

alexander fleming

112
Q

identify

ability to recognize a particular substance

A

specificity

113
Q

research

organ grafting

A

alexis carrell

imse (prelim) (6 decks)

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