continuation to intro | lymphocytes Flashcards
t helper cells
- secretes IL 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13
- extraxcellular parasites & allergens
TH 2 and TH 9
- cytotoxic LGLs
- do not consistently express markers for B and T lymphocytes
- lyses virally infected cells and tumor cells
- has surface markers: CD 16, CD 56
NK cells
identify
- 8-10um
- high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
- lacks cytoplasmic granules
small lymphocytes
identify
- activity against tumor cells
- kill target cells
- governed by cytokines
natural killer cell
- rearrangement of b-cell receptor genes
- CD 19, CD 45R
- formation of ImG 7 epitope specificity
pro-B cell/ progenitor
identify
CD markers for cytotoxic/suppressor activity
- CD 2
- CD 3
- CD 8
- result of antigenic stimulation and transformation of activated B cells
- distinguished by presence of abundant cytoplasmic immuniglobulins, which is excreted into the bloodstream
plasma cell
process of destroying antibody-coated target cells by NK cells, MONO, MACRO, and NEUT
ADCC (antibody dependent cell-mediated cytolysis)
identify
(passive antibody): artificial
mode of acquisition:
Ab produced by host:
immediate response:
duration of immune response:
- plasma/serum infusion
- no
- yes
- short
identify
largest secondary lymphoid organ that is specialized for filtering blood
spleen
identify
small lymphocytes are further divided into two major classes: (?) (?)
T and B lymphocytes
t helper cells
- secretes IFN-y, IL-2, and TNF-a
- effective against intracellular pathogens
TH 1
identify
it recognizes foreign antigens
lymphocytes
identify
site of B cell development & maturation
bone marrow
identify
the term when T helpers multiplies
clonal expansion
identify
T cells who can’t recognize the cell will undergo (?)
apoptosis
identify
normal ratio of CD 4 and CD 8 cells
2:1
lymph node
(?) exhibit a large number of receptors for antibodies and help capture antigens to present to T & B cells
follicular dendritic cells
identify
two categories of lymphocytes (size)
- small lynphocytes
- large granular lynphocytes (LGL)
t helper cells
- secretes IL-17 and 22
- recruits granulocytes against extracellular bacterial infection
TH 17
T lymphocytes
- cytolysis of virally infected cells & tumor targets
- production of lymphokine
effector functions
identify
- early thymocytes lack CD 4 nad CD 8 markers
- rearrangement of the genes coding for the TCR
- generation of a functional TCR
double negative thymocytes
t regulatory cell
acts as a receptor for IL-2
CD 25
identify
- responds to antigens presented by other cells (major histocompatibility complex)
- recognize present antigen of an antigen-presenting cell
T helper cells
T lymphocytes
ability to amplify/suppress other effector lymphocytes (including T & B cells)
regulatory functions
double negative thymocytes
in TCR rearrangement, there is an (?) and (?) chains, that is responsible for (?)
- alpha
- beta
- antigen recognition
identify
T helper cells subpopulation
- CD 4
- TH 1
- TH 2
- TH 9
- TH 17
- Tfh
identify
(passive antibody): natural
mode of acquisition:
Ab produced by host:
immediate response:
duration of immune response:
- in vivo transfer
- no
- yes
- short
identify
chemical messenger produced by stimulated cells that affects the function/activity of other cells
cytokine
identify
CD markers of T cells
- CD 2
- CD 3
- CD 4
- CD 8
identify
receptor for MHC class II
CD 4
identify
produce all cells of the blood, including lymphocytes
bone marrow
identify
largest major organ for antibody synthesis
spleen
identify
it is bilobed and located in the anterior mediastinum (thorax)
thymus
identify
()% of circulating nucleated cells are lymphocytes, and most of them are (?)
- 20-30
- long lived
identify
helper inducer activity of T-cells is associated with what CD markers:
- CD 2
- CD 3
- CD 4
identify
maturation period of T cells
3 weeks
NK cells
development by:
stimulated by:
half-life:
- IL-15
- IL-12, INF y & beta
- 7-10 days
no need for an antigen to develop
antigen-independent phase
- pro b cell
- pre b cell
- immature b cell
- mature b cell
identify
- CD 4 positive
- binds to MHC class II
- release cytokines
t helper cells
identify
2 types of immune sera
- antitoxins
- antibacterial & antiviral
identify
biggest primary lymphoid organ
bone marrow
t cytotoxic cells
pore-forming proteins that polymerize in the presence of Ca²⁺
perforins
identify
3 types of cell-mediated immunity
- natural killer cells
- T helper cells
- cytotoxic T lymphocytes
identify
- CD 8 positive
- kills tumor cells and virally infected cells by binding to MHC class I
- releases cytotoxic granules (perforins & granzymes)
T cytotoxic cells
identify
T lymphocytes are associated with 2 immunologic functions: (?) (?)
- effector functions
- regulatory functions
t helper cells
- remains in the lymph nodes and interacts with B cells and plasma cells there
- provides essential signaling to B cells as they undergo processes
Tfh
spleen
- composed mostly of lymphocyte
- where most immunological cells reside
white pulp
identify
surface markers that identifies a particular cell line/stage of cellular differentiation with a defined structure
cluster of differentiation (CD)
identify
important protection against intracellular pathogens
cell-mediated immunity
spleen
- immune functions
- pitting
- culling
red pulp
identify
- represents approx. 80% of the circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood
- located in PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath)
T lymphocytes
identify
- thymocytes express both CD 4 and CD 8 antigens
- “positive selection”
double positive thymocytes
identify
central collecting points for lymph fluid
lymph node
identify
receptor for MHC class I
CD 8
identify
main source of HSCs (hematopoietic stem cells)
bone marrow
double positive thymocytes
in TCR alpha chain, it consists of (?), (?) regions on (?)
- V
- J
- chromosome 14
identify
(active antigen): artificial
mode of acquisition:
Ab produced by host:
immediate response:
duration of immune response:
- vaccination
- yes
- no
- long
- rearrangement of genes coding light chains (Kappa & Lambda)
- CD 20, CD19, CD 22
pre-B cell/ Precursor
t regulatory cell
suppresses activity of other T cells
FOXP3
needs an antigen to develop
antigen-dependent phase
- plasma cell
- memory cell
identify
- reaches maximal size at puberty
- it atrophies and replaced by fatty tissue
thymus
end product of:
- T cells:
- B cells:
- cytokines
- antibody
identify
- CD 4 & CD 25 positive
- differentiation is stimulated by TGF-β (includes expression of FOXP3 protein)
- suppress immune response and prevents autoimmunity
- comprises approx. 5-10% of all CD 4 T cells
- important role in suppressing the immune response to self-antigens
T regulatory cell (suppressor)
identify
- 16um
- smaller n/c ratio
- has cytoplasmic granules
large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
identify
develops from the third and fourth pairs of embryonal pharyngeal pouches
thymus
identify
main function is to destroy virus infected cell
cytotoxic T lymphocytes
identify
located in the upper left quadrant beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach
spleen
identify
(active antigen) : natural
mode of acquisition:
Ab produced by host:
immediate response:
duration of immune response:
- infection
- yes
- no
- long
identify
it is a trapping site, standby area for T&B cells, and place of encounter of antigens
secondary lymphoid organs
t cytotoxic cells
activates nuclease that targets DNA and also disrupts the cell’s mitochondria
granzymes
identify
produced in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow & thymus)
lymphocytes
identify
T lymphocytes end products of activation
cytokines
identify
part of T cell antigen receptor complex
CD 3
identify
in HIV infection, ratio of CD 4, CD 8 cells
0.5:1
identify
- sheep blood cell receptor
- classical T cell surface marker
CD 2
identify
early precursor of T cell
thymus cortex
identify
consists of RED & WHITE pulp
spleen
identify
maturation site for T cells
thymus / medulla
double negative thymocytes
in TCR beta chain, it consists of (?), (?), (?) regions on (?)
- V
- D
- J
- chromosome 7
