antibodies Flashcards
types of Ig
- present in secretions;
- tears, saliva
IgA
which Ig rects to the following temperature
- (cold) reacts at 40 C to room temp:
- (warm) reacts at 37 C
- IgM
- IgG
for any Ig molecule, only 1 type of (?) is present
light chain
antibodies produced after the introduction of the antigen from the same species
isoantibodies/alloantibodies
types of Ig
- serum half life: 6 days
- complement fixation: yes (best)
- crosses placenta: no
IgM
bonds responsible to hold polypeptide chains
disulfide bonds
structure of Ab
all immunoglobulin milecules are made up of (?)-chain polypeptide units that consists of (?) large chains called (?), and (?) smaller chains called (?)
- four
- 2
- heavy chains
- 2
- light chains
reaction with antigen
responsible for immobilization of motile organisms and for cell clumping
agglutinins
amino terminal or carboxyl terminal
- variable region
- responsible for antigen binding
amino terminal
types if Ig
- serum half life: 23 days
- complement fixation: yes
- crosses placenta: yes
IgG
this is where the BENCE JONES PROTEINS are discovered
light chains
structure of Ab
elucidated in the 1950s and 1960, by:
gerald edelman & rodney porter
reaction with antigen
can cause agglutination of RBC
hemagglutins
isotype, allotype, or idiotype
heavy chains are unique to its immunoglobulin class
isotype
types of Ig
- functions in immunoregulation
- heat-labile; “anti-idiotypic antibody”
- 2nd to appear on B cell surface
- role on B cell maturation
IgD
isotype, allotype, or idiotype
genetic variation on the constant region
allotype
types of Ig
- serum half life: 5 days
- complement fixation: alternative pathway
- crosses placenta: no
IgA
INTERCHAN or INTRACHAN BONDS
- (normal) heavy chain to heavy chain/heavy to light chain (H-H/H-L): (?)
- (abnormal) light chain to light chain (L-L): (?)
- INTERCHAN BONDS
- INTRACHAN BONDS
- serves as a linkage points for disulfide bonds between 2 monomers
- present on IgM and IgA
joining chain
amino terminal or carboxyl terminal
- constant region
- determine the serological & physical chain of an antibody
carboxyl terminal
heavy chains or light chains
- 23,0000 da
- has KAPPA & LAMBDA
light chains
serum IgA or secretory IgA
- dimer; “antiseptic paint”:
- monomer; can’t fix complement:
- seretory IgA
- serum IgA
heavy chains or light chains
- determine Ig class (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)
- 50,000 to 90,000 da
- consists of 440 amino acid residue
heavy chains
the folded domains of the H chains line up with L chains to produce a cylindrical structure called (?)
immunoglobulin fold / barrel
subclass if IgG
- cannot cross the placenta:
- can cross the placenta:
- cannot fix complement:
- can fix complement:
- IgG2
- IgG1
- IgG4
- IgG3
types of Ig
- least abundant
- “reagenic antibody”
- “nuisance antibody”
- heat labile
IgE
major antibody in the secondary immune response
IgG (IgM is primary)
antigen is captured within the barrel by binding to a small number of amino acids at strategic locations on each chain known as (?)
hypervariable region
number of structure unit
- composed of one structure unit:
- composed of more than a single monomeric unit
- composed of two structure unit:
- composed of five structure unit:
- momomer
- polymer
- dimer
- pentamer
- substances produced in response to antigenic stimulation that are capable of specific interaction with provoking immunogen
- serum factors in the blood formed in response to foreign substance exposure
- can be visualized by electrophoresis
antibodies/immunoglobulins
types of Ig
- pentameric form
- aka “macroglobulin”
- “starlike” (free)
- “crab-like” (combined)
- primary immune response
IgM
occurence of Ig
- (natural) appear without any apparent stimulus:
- (immune) appear following the introduction of an antigen:
- IgM
- IgG
primary agents for fragmentation
- PAPAIN
- PEPSIN
- allows flexibility
- absent in IgM and IgE
hinge region
antibodies produced after the introduction of the antigen from another species
heterophile antobodies
reaction with antigen
act upon bacterial invaders, weakening their resistance to the phagocytizing action of leukocyte
opsonins
types of Ig
- serum half life: 1-3 days
- complement fixation: no
- crosses placenta: no
IgD
theories
he formulated the side-chain theory
paul ehrlich
theories
he put forth a second major theory in the early 1900, the template theory
felix haurowitz
reaction with antigen
agglutinins that are modified by heat in such manner that they can no longer bring out agglutination but still are capable of combining with specific agglutinogens
agglutinoids
gerald edelman, rodney porter, alfred nisonoff
utilized PAPAIN
rodney porter
- KAPPA is encoded on:
- LAMBDA is encoded on:
- chromosome 2
- chromosome 22
theories
who made the clonal selection theory (most acceptable theory)
niels jerne & macfarlane burnet
gerald edelman, rodney porter, alfred nisonoff
utilized PEPSIN
alfred nisonoff
types of Ig
- serum half life: 2-3 days
- complement fixation: no
- crosses placenta: no
IgE
gerald edelman, rodney porter, alfred nisonoff
ultracentrifuge
gerald edelman
isotype, allotype, or idiotype
genetic variation on the variable region
idiotype
