Intro to emotion Flashcards
What is an emotion
“A strong feeling deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others; instinctive or intuitive feeling as distinguished from reasoning or knowledge.”
what are the stages of emotional processing?
- regulation
- affective state
- appraisal
- stimulus presentation
(Phillips et al, 2003)
What did Rottenberg define mood as compared to emotions
defines mood as “diffuse, slow-moving feeling states that are weakly tied to specific objects or situations”
emotions that are “quick-moving reactions that occur when organisms encounter meaningful stimuli that call for adaptive responses”.
What did Darwin suggest about emotional expressions
Darwin suggested that emotional expressions were conserved across humans in different cultures and of different ages. Emotions evolved for their adaptive value in dealing with fundamental life tasks (and thus aid survival).
What are the basic emotions Darwin suggested?
Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise
Did Darwin believe emotions are innate
yes
What are basic emotions
Basic emotions are innate neural and bodily states that are elicited rapidly and automatically in response to certain stimuli/stations. They should be universal (cross-culture and cross-species), automatic and have a discrete neural and/or bodily state associated with them.
What did Ekman and Friesen demonstrate
certain emotions were exhibited with very specific display rules, culture-specific prescriptions about who can show which emotions to whom and when. These display rules could explain how cultural differences may conceal the universal effect of expression.
what are the expanded basic emotions (Ekman)
Amusement, Contempt, Contentment, Embarrassment, Excitement, Guilt, Pride in achievement, Relief, Satisfaction, Sensory pleasure, and Shame.)
What was the valence-asymmetry hypothesis (Davidson)
left-sided prefrontal cortex = approach-related (positive) goals
right-sided PFC = goals requiring inhibition and withdrawal (negative)
What was the circumplex model (Russell)
But some negative emotions (e.g. Anger) can be associated with approach responses so more complex models such as this circumplex model have been proposed, with 2 axes / dimensions – arousal and valence. These have widespread support in contemporary psychology.
What did Ekman find about emotion expression
- Do facial expressions reflect emotional experience?
- Participants watched movies (+ve and –ve)
- Self-reported their subjective experience (what emotions, and how intense)
- Their facial expressions while watching the movies were videotaped
- Coded using the FACS – Facial Action Coding System
- Participants who showed a particular smile movement (‘action unit 12’) reported more happiness
- Participants who showed more ‘negative’ facial movements reported more negative emotion
Early studies demonstrated that people’s expressions varied as a function of their emotional state. Studies measuring facial expressions explicitly use methods such as coding the expression and measuring muscle contractions using facial EMG.
Who developed Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
ekmand & friesen
what is FACS
anatomically-based system for describing all observable facial movement for every emotion.
What is • Each observable component of facial movement is called
an action unit or AU
What does FACE stand for
Facial Expression, Awareness, Compassion, Emotions
WHat can MicroExpressions Training Tool (METT) do
can help individuals identify more subtle emotional expressions that occur when people try to suppress their emotions.
What is METT used for
Application of this tool includes helping people with Asperger’s or autism recognize emotional expressions in their everyday interactions.
