-intro to diabetes Flashcards
what is diabetes?
a chronic multi-system disease related to abnormal or impaired insulin utilization
what is diabetes characterized by?
hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, lack of insulin effect, or both
what are caustic factors of diabetes?
genetic, hereditary; autoimmune; lifestyle
the caustic factors of diabetes are caused by:
absent or insufficient and/or poor utilization of insulin
what are some medical conditions that cause diabetes?
kushing’s disease, hyperthyroidism, recurrent pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis
what drugs can induce diabetes?
corticosteroids, thiazides, Phenytoin, and certain antipsychotics
insulin pumps from what organ?
pancreas
what are two functions of the pancreas?
exocrine function and endocrine function
what does exocrine function do?
produces enzymes for digestion and is 95% of pancreas function
what does endocrine function do?
has the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin and glucagon
what does insulin do to your blood sugar?
raise blood sugar
what does glucagon do to your blood sugar?
lowers your blood sugar
what organ makes/stores your glucose?
liver
insulin is made from what cells of your pancreas?
beta cells
glucagon is released from what cells in your pancreas?
alpha
what tissues are insulin-dependent tissues?
skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
in a normal functioning pancreas, what is the amount of insulin secreted daily?
40-50 units, or 0.6 units per kg
what cells store excess glucose as glycogen?
liver and muscle cells
insulin promotes ____ transports from the ____ across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm of the cell.
glucose; bloodstream
once glucose is in the cells, what do cells do?
breakdown glucose to make energy
what are the counterregulatory hormones?
cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, and glucagon
what is insulins main job?
move glucose from bloodstream to cells to make energy
what insulin is the only insulin you can give IV push?
insulin resistance:
pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or down regulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia
insulin insufficiency:
your body makes some insulin but not the amount that you need
what is hypoglycemia?
occurs when there is too much insulin in proportion to available glucose
what happens in the body during a hypoglycemic event?
counterregulatory hormones are released, suppression of insulin secretion and production of glucagon & epinephrine provide a defense against hypoglycemia
