elimination - lower GU Flashcards
lower GU system consists of:
kidney, urethra, bladder, ureters
ureters do what?
carry urine from renal pelvis to the bladder
ureteral lumens are ___
narrow
urinary system: male
kidney, ureters, bladder, prostate gland, uretha
urinary system: female
kidney, ureter, uterus, bladder, sphincter, urethra
urethra length in men/women:
8-10 inches; 1-2 inches
bladder is the:
capacity:
reservoir for urine; 600-1,000 mL
bladder muscle- detrusor muscle
relaxes to hold urine and contracts to let urine out - pushes urine out of the bladder into the urethra
cystitis is a:
infection of the bladder, most common type of UTI in women
how does urine flow? protective mechanisms:
flows downward, ureters connect to bladder, muscles of bladder, pressure created by urine in bladder, urine itself is sterile, pH of urine is acidic, prostate gland, normal flora of vagina
bacticili:
important bacteria in vagina that keeps urogenital tract healthy and free of pathogens
maintaining a healthy bladder:
use the bathroom often and when needed - every 3-4 hrs, wipe front to back, urinate after sex, kegels, wear cotton underwear, limit alcohol/caffeine, smoking cessation, drink lots of fluid, and exercise and weight management
urinary incontinence:
involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine in any amount
types of incontinence: stress
sudden involuntary passage of urine - can be brought on by laughing, sneezing, coughing, heavy lifting
types of incontinence: urge
often referred to as overactive bladder - involuntary urination brought on by urgency, can’t make it to the toilet
type of incontinence: functional
urinary tract is functioning properly but an illness or disability is causing urine leakage. medications like diuretics and disabilities like dementia can decrease awareness to go to the bathroom
stress incontinence: causes
pelvic floor muscle and urinary sphincter weaken - childbirth in women or prostate surgery in men
devices for stress incontinence:
vaginal pessary, urethral inserts
surgery for incontinence:
vaginal sling, injectable bulking agents, inflatable artificial sphincter
sling procedure:
most common performed in women with stress urinary incontinence. In this procedure the surgeon uses the person’s own tissue, synthetic material (mesh), or animal or donor tissue to create a sling or hammock that supports the urethra
urge incontinence: other names
overactive bladder, bladder spasms, irritable bladder, detrusor instability
enuresis is:
bed wetting
functional incontinence treatment:
aimed at manipulating environment, easy access to toilet, scheduled times for toileting, wearing clothes easy to remove
anticholinergics treat:
urinary incontinence (more for urge or stress) - can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t poop