fluid balance & intravenous therapy

Question 1

___% of body fluid is ____

Answer 1

60%; water

Question 2

fluids in the body is affected by:

Answer 2

age, gender, body fat

Question 3

ICF (intracellular fluid) is:

Answer 3

fluid INSIDE the cell (2/3 of fluid)

Question 4

ECF (extracellular fluid) is:

Answer 4

found OUTSIDE the cells (1/3 of fluid)

Question 5

to maintain ____ or _____, fluids ____ the cell must be balanced with ______ fluid.

Answer 5

balance or homeostasis; inside; extracellular

Question 6

fluids ____ the cell must be balanced with _____ fluid

Answer 6

outside;intracellular

Question 7

extracellular is broken down into 3 divisions: intravascular

Answer 7

found in the vascular system that consists of arteries, veins, and capillary networks. Intravascular fluid is whole blood volume and also includes red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. (about 3L)

Question 8

extracellular is broken down into 3 divisions: interstitial

Answer 8

fluid between cells - “third space” (about 10 L)

Question 9

extracellular is broken down into 3 divisions: transcellular

Answer 9

cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal, and pleural fluid. each fluid compartments is separated by a selective permeable membrane that permits movement of water and some solutes.

Question 10

fluid and solute movement:

Answer 10

transporting fluid and substances to and from cells from the cell membranes

Question 11

filtration:

Answer 11

movement of fluid (water) across cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

diffusion:

Answer 12

movement of molecules/substances from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration in diffusion - solutes move (fish swimming with the current)

Question 13

osmosis:

Answer 13

movement of fluid (water) from areas of more fluid concentration (and fewer solutes) to areas of less fluid concentration (and more solutes) - fluids move

Question 14

hydrostatic pressure:

Answer 14

is generated by the cardiovascular system as blood is pumped through the body’s blood vessels.

Question 15

diffusion stops when __

Answer 15

concentrations are equal in both area

Question 16

what is a semi-permeable membrane in osmosis?

Answer 16

a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis

Question 17

what does osmotic balance mean?

Answer 17

the control of water and electrolyte balance in the body

Question 18

osmoregulation is the:

Answer 18

active regulation of the osmotic pressure of bodily fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the body’s water content. It keeps the body’s fluids from becoming too dilute or too concentrated

Question 19

what is meant by osmotic?

Answer 19

having to do with osmosis, this causes the more concentrated solution to become more diluted, and makes concentrations in both solutions more equal

Question 20

active transport:

Answer 20

sodium and potassium use ATP to move in and out of cells in a form of active transport called the sodium-potassium pump

-sodium moves out of the cells and potassium moves into the cells

Question 21

for molecules to move against a concentration gradient, _____ energy is needed, the cells use ____ to perform the active transport

Answer 21

external; ATP

Question 22

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made in the ____ _____

Answer 22

cell mitochondria

Question 23

hydrostatic and oncotic pressure:

Answer 23

movement of fluid from the capillaries to the interstitium (tissue space)

Question 24

hydrostatic pressure:

Answer 24

pushing force, pushes fluid out of capillaries (exerted by pumping of heart)

Question 25

oncotic pressure:

Answer 25

pulling force - pulls fluids from tissue into capillaries (exerted by non-diffusible plasma proteins...albumin)

Question 26

whenever _____ pressure is greater than ____ pressure, fluid will ____ the capillaries, whenever oncotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure, fluid will ___ the capillaries

Answer 26

hydrostatic; oncotic; leave; enter

Question 27

fluid shifts can cause:

Answer 27

edema and dehydration

Question 28

fluid shifts:

Answer 28

capillary or interstitial pressure changes can cause abnormal fluid shifting from one compartment to another

Question 29

hydrostatic pressure is greater a the ___ end of the capillary than at the ____ end

Answer 29

arterial; venous

Question 30

at the ____end of the capillary causes movement of fluid into the ____

Answer 30

arterial; tissues

Question 31

at the ____ end of the capillary, there is net movement of fluid back into the ____

Answer 31

venous; capillary

Question 32

edema is an: occurs if the:

Answer 32

accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, occurs if the hydrostatic pressure rises, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, or interstitial oncotic pressure rises

Question 33

edema may also develop if an:

Answer 33

obstruction of lymphatic outflow causes a decrease in the removal of interstitial fluid

Question 34

fluid spacing:

Answer 34

distribution of body water

Question 35

first spacing:

Answer 35

the normal distribution of fluid in ICF and ECF compartments

Question 36

second spacing:

Answer 36

abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (edema)

Question 37

third spacing:

Answer 37

excess fluid accumulation in nonfunctional areas between cells (ascites)

Question 38

__% of ____ (water), ___ intracellular, ____ extracellular (interstitial fluid), and ___% blood plasma

Answer 38

60% of lean body weight (water); 2/3 intracellular; 1/3 extracellular; 5% blood plasma

Question 39

extravascular fluid collection in body cavities:

Answer 39

pleural cavity (hydrothorax), the pericardial cavity (hydropericardium), and peritoneal cavity (hydroperitoneum, or ascites)

Question 40

anasarca is:

Answer 40

severe, generalized edema marked with profound swelling of subcutaneous tissues and accumulation of fluid in body cavities

Question 41

typically ___ have a _____ percentage of ____ _____ because their muscle mass is less than men

Answer 41

women; lower; body water

Question 42

if. you have a _____ fat content, you will also have a _____ amount of fluid in the body

Answer 42

higher; lower

Question 43

important that we have fluid in our body because that helps us process ____ and move ____ in and out of the cells, and helps with ____

Answer 43

nutrients; oxygen; balance

Question 44

an equilibrium exists between forces filtering:

Answer 44

fluid out of the capillary and forces absorbing fluid back into the capillary