Intro To Cardiovascukar System Flashcards
What is heart failure
a syndrome in which the heart fails to deliver blood effectively to meet the requirements of metabolising tissues
What is the function of the cardio respiratory function
Transport to and from metabolising tissues
Homeostasis (ph, osmolarity, electrolytes, infection)
Generates pressure for renal filtration and reproduction
What is the first sound of the heart
The AV close
The lub
What is the second sound of the heart
S.L. valves shutting
Dub
What is cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped out per minute
What important factors ensure venous return to the heart
Sympathetic nervous system
Blood volume
Muscle (respiratory) pump
What is a portal vein
Carries blood between capillary beds
What controls Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Sympathetic nervous system
How do the capillaries help maintain blood pressure
Capillary diffusion
Tissue fluid production
Extracellular vs intracellular fluid
Why do birds need an efficient cardiovascular system
To cope with high metabolic demands
Important for oxygen delivery and thermoregulation
What is the cardiac output of a pigeon
195ml/ min
What is the cardiac output of a cat
184ml/ min
What two organs have a local circuit
Liver
Kidney
What does the hepatic portal vein do
Brings blood to liver from the gut
What is cranial and caudal to the heart
Cranial- thymus
Caudal- diaphragm
What is the function of an auricle
Can increase capacity of blood in atrium
What is the sac surrounding the heart called
Pericardium
What two ligaments help hold the heart in place
Sterno- pericardial ligaments
Phrenico- pericardial ligament
What is the function of the intervenous tubercule
Directs blood into the right atrium
What is the function of the coronary sinus
Largest and major coronary vein and empties deoxygenated blood from heart into RA
Where is coronary sinus
On top of left atrium
What is the fossa ovalis
Hole between atria for fetal development
Usually closes up before birth
Where is the left atrium
Dorsal and caudal
Back and middle of heart
What shape is the right ventricle and where is it
Crescent shaped
In front of left ventricle
Front and slightly to the left
Where is the left ventricle
Back and middle
What are the three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Hat allows cardiac myocytes to have cast Action potential
T tubules
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
How does the muscle mass of a heart increase
Myocyte hypertrophy
No more muscle cells, but the cells get bugger
When do the coronary arteries get blood flowing through the,
Ventricular diastole
