Intro To Cardiovascukar System Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure

A

a syndrome in which the heart fails to deliver blood effectively to meet the requirements of metabolising tissues

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2
Q

What is the function of the cardio respiratory function

A

Transport to and from metabolising tissues
Homeostasis (ph, osmolarity, electrolytes, infection)
Generates pressure for renal filtration and reproduction

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3
Q

What is the first sound of the heart

A

The AV close
The lub

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4
Q

What is the second sound of the heart

A

S.L. valves shutting
Dub

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5
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out per minute

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6
Q

What important factors ensure venous return to the heart

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Blood volume
Muscle (respiratory) pump

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7
Q

What is a portal vein

A

Carries blood between capillary beds

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8
Q

What controls Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

How do the capillaries help maintain blood pressure

A

Capillary diffusion
Tissue fluid production
Extracellular vs intracellular fluid

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10
Q

Why do birds need an efficient cardiovascular system

A

To cope with high metabolic demands
Important for oxygen delivery and thermoregulation

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11
Q

What is the cardiac output of a pigeon

A

195ml/ min

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12
Q

What is the cardiac output of a cat

A

184ml/ min

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13
Q

What two organs have a local circuit

A

Liver
Kidney

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14
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do

A

Brings blood to liver from the gut

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15
Q

What is cranial and caudal to the heart

A

Cranial- thymus
Caudal- diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the function of an auricle

A

Can increase capacity of blood in atrium

17
Q

What is the sac surrounding the heart called

A

Pericardium

18
Q

What two ligaments help hold the heart in place

A

Sterno- pericardial ligaments
Phrenico- pericardial ligament

19
Q

What is the function of the intervenous tubercule

A

Directs blood into the right atrium

20
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus

A

Largest and major coronary vein and empties deoxygenated blood from heart into RA

21
Q

Where is coronary sinus

A

On top of left atrium

22
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Hole between atria for fetal development
Usually closes up before birth

23
Q

Where is the left atrium

A

Dorsal and caudal
Back and middle of heart

24
Q

What shape is the right ventricle and where is it

A

Crescent shaped
In front of left ventricle
Front and slightly to the left

25
Where is the left ventricle
Back and middle
26
What are the three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
27
Hat allows cardiac myocytes to have cast Action potential
T tubules Sarcoplasmic reticulum
28
How does the muscle mass of a heart increase
Myocyte hypertrophy No more muscle cells, but the cells get bugger
29
When do the coronary arteries get blood flowing through the,
Ventricular diastole