Blood Groups/ Transfusion Flashcards
What is the most common reason for a blood transfusion
Anaemia
What causes anaemia
Blood loss (haemorrhage or RBC destruction)
Lack of red blood cell production (Bone marrow disease)
What should animals be transfused with
Using the same blood group for a given species
Is blood a biological drug
Yes
Is a blood transfusion a cure
No
They give support until a diagnosis is reached
What signs show a patient may need a blood transfusion
If there’s a cardiovascular compromise:
Tachycardia
Poor pulse quality
Weakness
A PCV of less than 10% (20%- dogs and 10% in cats)
What is PCV
Packed cell volume
What is in whole blood
RBC
All clotting factors
Plasma proteins
Anti- inflammatory proteins
Some platelets
How much whole blood should be given to raise PCV by 1%
2ml/ kg
Why would you given fresh frozen plasma
Contains clotting factors
If a dog hasn’t previously received a transfusion, how can you match a recipient
Can receive uncross matched blood and blood products
If a dog has had a previous transfusion or has an unknown history,, how do you match a recipient
Shoudl be cross matched
Do cats need to be cross matched before a blood transfusion
Yes, always
Why is it important to do a screening of blood type if a patient has previously had a blood transfusion
It’s impossible to determine patients true blood type because all blood products for cats contain RBC
How many blood types are there in dogs and what are they
8
DEA1.1
DEA1.2
DEA 3
DEA 4
DEA 5
DEA 7
DAL (dalmations)
Which is the the most common dog blood type
DEA 1.1
How many blood groups do cats have
3
What are the three types of cat blood groups
A
B
AB
How are blood groups determined
By the antigens expressed on the surface of the erythrocytes
What is an alloantibodie
An immunise antibody that is produced following exposure to foreign red blood cell antigens present in the same species but not in the individual producing the antibody
How can alloantibodies be produced
- Occurs naturally (cats)
- Produced after sensitization by birth of foal with mismatched blood group
- Produced after sensitisation with mismatched blood transfusion
How many blood groups do horse have and what are they
7
A
C
D
K
P
Q
U
What is neonatal isoertythplysid
When mares that are pregnant has a different blood group and can become sensitised to the foals blood and produce antibodies
Can attack any RBCs of any future foals of same blood type
Who should donate horse blood
Geldings
What do snap tests test
If dog is DEA 1.1 positive or negative
If cat is A, B or AB
What do blood typing cards do and for what species
Dogs only
Antibodies on paper will be embedded in the paper and cause agglutination
What is a major cross match
Detects if recipients serum contains any antibodies against donors RVC
What is a minor cross match
Detects if the donors serum contains any antibodies against the recipients RBC
What is the aim for the post transfusion PCV
25-30% in dogs
20% in cats
What is the criteria of a donor
Between 1-8 years old
Healthy
Not on medication
Good PCV
Vaccinated and wormed
Never had transfusion
PCV more than 35%
What does DEA stand for
Dog erythrocyte antigen
What is special about DEA1.1 positive blood type
Most common (40-60% of dogs)
Universal recipients so can receive blood transfusions from any other blood type
What is important about DEA 1.1 negative
Universal donor
