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Biochemistry > Intro to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Intro to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

study of molecules of life or biomolecules and their reactions in living organisms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level

A

biochemistry

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3
Q

biochemistry emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of 20th century when scientists combined with what discipline of science (3)

A

chemistry
physiology
biology

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4
Q

Studying the structure and behavior of complex molecules found in biological materials

A

biochemistry

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5
Q

three principal areas of biochemistry

A

structure and function of biological macromolecules
metabolism
molecular genetics

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6
Q

anabolic and catabolic processes

A

metabolism

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7
Q

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.

A

anabolism

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8
Q

the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

A

catabolism

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9
Q

how life is replicated; regulation of protein synthesis

A

molecular genetics

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10
Q

In Biochemistry, we are interested in finding their (3)

A

properties
composition
transformation

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11
Q

attributes or characteristics that are used to describe biomolecules

A

properties

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12
Q

are values that depend on amount of biomolecule

A

extensive properties

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13
Q

example of extensive properties

A

weight
volume

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14
Q

magnitude of some properties do not depend on its amount

A

intensive properties

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15
Q

example of intensive properties

A

temperature
boiling point

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16
Q

properties that do not change the chemical structure of the biomolecule upon measurement

A

physical properties

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17
Q

example of physical properties

A

weight
temperature
volume

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18
Q

properties that change the chemical structure of biomolecule upon measurement

A

chemical properties

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19
Q

example of chemical properties

A

flammability
biodegradability

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20
Q

refers to the identity and amounts of the components of a biomolecule

A

composition

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21
Q

refers to the identity of components of biomolecule

A

Qualitative composition

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22
Q

example of description of qualitative composition

A

C, H, O, N, etc.

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23
Q

refers to the relative
amounts of a biomolecule
like:

A

quantitative composition

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24
Q

example of description of a quantitative composition

A

25% C
14% H

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25
Q

refers to the
changes that a biomolecule
undergoes

A

transformation

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26
Q

refers to changes in
physical states of the
biomolecules

A

physical transformation

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27
Q

liquid to
solid)

A

freezing

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28
Q

solid to
liquid)

A

melting

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29
Q

liquid
to gas)

A

vaporization

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30
Q

solid
to gas)

A

sublimation

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31
Q

gas to
solid)

A

deposition

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32
Q

gas
to liquid

A

condensation

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33
Q

refers to the chemical
reactions that
biomolecules undergo in
living organisms

A

chemical transformation

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34
Q

example of chemical transformation

A

oxidation
reduction
neutralization
methylation

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35
Q

which of the following is not an application of biochemistry

HIV testing
ames test for cancer
molecular cloning
breast cancer screening
genetic engineering
carbon nanotubes

A

carbon nanotubes

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36
Q

who discovered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which is actually being used today to sequence the SARS coronavirus-2 which causes the infamous COVID-19

A

Kary Mullis

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37
Q

which of the following is not an example of chemical transformation in biomolecules

neutralization
condensation
oxidation
metabolic reaction
methylation
reduction

A

condensation

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38
Q

the building blocks of proteins are known as what

A

amino acids

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39
Q

which of the following is not a main area of biochemistry?

metamorphosis of biomolecules
functions of biomolecules
structure of biomolecules
catabolic reactions
anabolic processes
molecular genetics

A

metamorphosis of biomolecules

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40
Q

what technique was used in the elucidation of ribosome structure

A

x-ray crystallography

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41
Q

what biomolecule is defined according to its solubility in non-polar organic solvents?

A

lipids

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42
Q

which of the following is not a carbohydrate

mannose
fructose
sucrose
cellulose
glucose
lactose
globose

A

globose

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43
Q

the word ‘Biochemistry’ was first coined by whom

A

Carl Neuberg

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44
Q

the term macromolecules means ____ molecules

A

big

45
Q

Friedrich Wohler was credited with the synthesis of which biomolecule in 1828 from inorganic materials

A

urea

46
Q

what atom(s) serve(s) as the backbone for all biomolecules

A

carbon

47
Q

which trio of scientists were able to prove that the DNA contains transmittable traits in living organisms

A

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

48
Q

what important discovery was attributed to James Watson and Francis Crick

A

double helical structure of DNA

49
Q

which of the ff is not an application of biochemistry

phenylketonuria screening
pregnancy testing
gene replacement therapy
psychotherapy
genetically-modified foods or crops
pre-natal genetic testing

A

psychotherapy

50
Q

smallest repeating unit of a nucleic acid is called a

A

nucleotide

51
Q

the number of different kinds of amino acids found in proteins is ___

A

20

52
Q

why is life defined by its chemistry?

  • all living things are made up of tiny components called cells
  • all living things ar made up of physical and non-physical components
  • all living things are made up of atoms reacting with each other in a finely tuned molecular dance
  • all living things are made upf various interacting forces of nature
  • all living things are made up of non-living components
  • all living things are made up of various microorganisms
A

c

53
Q

what bonds connect nucleotides together

A

phosphodiester bond

54
Q

produced by transferring desired
genes

A

genetically modified food

55
Q

test to detect
the presence of HCG hormone

A

pregnancy testing

56
Q

process of
recombination of desired genes

A

genetic engineering

57
Q

detect the phenylketonuria in
newborns

A

phenylketonuria

58
Q

a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body

A

phenylketonuria

59
Q

test to
detect the ability of causing DNA
mutations

A

ames test

60
Q

macromolecules or
“giant” molecules

A

biomolecules

61
Q

They are “giant” because
they are made of hundreds
or even thousands of
smaller molecules

A

biomolecules

62
Q

made up
biomolecules

A

monomers

63
Q

four major biomolecules

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acid

64
Q

structurally
composed of polyhydroxy aldehydes
or ketones

A

carbohydrates

65
Q

carbohydrates are made up of what

A

polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones

66
Q

composes
some carbohydrates; single
sugar unit

A

monosaccharides

67
Q

example of monosaccharides

A

glucose
mannose
fructose

68
Q

2 sugar units

A

disaccharides

69
Q

3-10 sugar units

A

oligosaccharides

70
Q

> 10 sugar units

A

polysaccharides

71
Q

example of dissacharides

A

lactose
sucrose

72
Q

example of polysaccharides

A

cellulose
amylose

73
Q

one molecule of glucose and one of galactose linked together

A

lactose

74
Q

one molecule of glucose and one fructose molecule

A

sucrose

75
Q

two units of glucose joined with an α-bond between the glucose units

A

maltose

76
Q

defined by their solubility in
organic solvents

A

lipids

77
Q

Non-polar like benzene and
hexane

A

lipids

78
Q

example of lipids

A

triglycerides
steroids
phospolipids

79
Q

composed of amino acids
linked to each other by peptide bonds

A

protein

80
Q

organic
compounds that contain both
amino and carboxylic acid
groups

A

amino acids

81
Q

biomolecules found in
the nucleus of cells for the passing of
characteristics from parents to
offsprings

A

nucleic acids

82
Q

Polymers of nucleotides
linked to each other by
phosphodiester bonds

A

nucleic aicds

83
Q

example of nucleic acids

A

RNA and DNA

84
Q

synthesized the biomolecule urea from inorganic starting materials proving that biomolecules can be created outside the living organism

A

friedrich wohler

85
Q

made the discovery of the first enzyme called amylase

A

anselme payen

86
Q

coined the word “enzymes”

A

Wilhelm Kuhne

87
Q

demonstrated that a complex biochemical process such as alcoholic fermentation can happen outside a living cell

A

eduard buchner

88
Q

first proposed the use of the word “biochemistry”

A

Carl Neuberg

89
Q

showed that enyzmes are basically made up of proteins

A

James Sumner

90
Q

performed the first amino acid sequencing of the protein insulin

A

Fred Sanger

91
Q

discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecule

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

92
Q

elucidated the biochemical steps in krebs cycle

A

Hans Adolf Kreb

93
Q

discovered the polymerase chain reaction

A

Kary Mullis

94
Q

approved the first protease inhibitor; a major weapon against the progression of AIDS

A

Food and Drug Administration

95
Q

when did the first complete sequence of all the chromosome of a eukaryote is reported

A

1997

96
Q

elucidated the structure of the ribosome using x-tray crystallography

A

Ada Yonath

97
Q

what happens in a living
cell is unique to a living cell and can’t
be duplicated elsewhere in the
universe

A

vitalism

98
Q

disproved vitalism
using ordinary chemistry to make
urea

A

Friedrich Wohler

98
Q

its invention helped to
understand cells

A

microscope

98
Q

invented
the first microscope and the first one
to see single-celled organisms

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

99
Q

what Leeuwenhoek
called the organisms he saw in the
microscope

A

animalcules

100
Q

improved the
microscope; discovered the cell basis
of life

A

robert hooke

101
Q

discovered a
compound that he called “Nuclein

A

Friedrich Miescher

102
Q

Augustan monk and
interested in studying the inheritance
of traits of peas

A

gregor mendel

103
Q

wrote a book
called “what is life” and he posted a
question that the cell is not the most
fundamental thing with respect to life

A

erwin schrodinger

104
Q

Stated that molecules is the
molecular basis of life

A

erwin shrodinger

105
Q

in 1944,
proved definitely that the genetic
information passed within cells was
DNA

A

Avery, McLeod, McCarty

106
Q

states that DNA
makes RNA makes protein

A

central dogma

107
Q
A

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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