Intro to Behavior Management

Question 1

Define motivation

Answer 1

Forces that explain the selection, direction, and continuation of behavior….

1. Intrinsic motivation
2. Extrinsic motivation

Question 2

Determine the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic behavior

Answer 2

Extrinsic:
Others strongly influence actions
Intrinsic:
Motivation for action comes from within

Question 3

Implement steps to determine a patient’s motivation

Answer 3

1. Questioning
   ◼ Open Ended Questions: “What brought you here
   today?”
2. Listening
   ◼ “I’m here because my wife scheduled the
   appointment” ◼ “My gums are bleeding and I want to know what I
   can do about this”

Question 4

Identify key concepts in the following models:
◼ Health Belief Model
◼ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid
◼ Stages of Change or Transtheoretical Model
◼ Learning Ladder

Answer 4

Transtheoretical Model:

1. Precontemplative: Pupil sees no problem but others disapprove
2. Contemplative: weighing up the pros and cons of changing
3. Determinism: to carry on as before or to change
4. Active Change: putting decsion into practice
5. Maintenance: Actively maining change
6. Relapse: Return to previous behavior

Health Belief Model: 
Assumes that behaviours
result from a rational weighing
up of the potential costs and
benefits of the behaviour

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: 
The theory that we move through
areas of basic human needs that
are necessary for a healthy
existence before we can progress
to higher needs and personal
accomplishment
Uses Pyramid 

Learning Ladder:
The Learning Ladder describes
the steps we go through when
learning a new skill.
⭘ Habit ⭘ Action ⭘ Involvement ⭘ Self-interest ⭘ Awareness ⭘ Unawareness

Question 5

The readiness to make a change
occurs in stages, and different
behavioral and attitudinal processes
operate as people move from one
stage to the next.

Answer 5

Transtheoretical model

Question 6

Assumes that behaviours
result from a rational weighing
up of the potential costs and
benefits of the behaviour

Answer 6

Health Belief Model

Question 7

The theory that we move through
areas of basic human needs that
are necessary for a healthy
existence before we can progress
to higher needs and personal
accomplishment
Uses Pyramid

Answer 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 8

Discuss why baseline counting is necessary and helpful for preparing a
behavior modification change.

Answer 8

1. Benefit: focuses thinking about the
importance of changing the behavior 
2. May result in a decision NOT to
change behavior 
3. Helps to set realistic goals 
4. Enhances awareness of a problem
and motivation to solve it. 
5. To determine whether the change
procedure used was effective

Question 9

State examples of baseline counting techniques.

Answer 9

◼ Assessing how often the current
behavior is occurring 
◼ Tallies of behavior before a change
is initiated 
◼Measures the patient’s current status

Question 10

Define pinpointing and why it is important to baseline counting.

Answer 10

⦿ Preparation to counting 
⦿ First part of taking baseline
data 
⦿ Describes behavior in terms of
when and where it does
or does not occur Change is most effective when events can be identified and directly measured

Question 11

Describe what labeling is and why this can be a problem.

Answer 11

⦿ It is easy to over-react to certain behaviors
and to overestimate their frequency
(does it really happen ALL the time … or do
they NEVER…)
⦿ Gets in the way of working with a patient

Question 12

Describe why frequency and quantity are important for assessing base-rates.

Answer 12

Baseline recording tends to affect the rate of
behavior when the individual is aware that
recording is taking place. Just increasing
awareness through counting can often be an
effective method of helping a person to alter
his or her behavior ⦿ It is important that the baseline period be long
enough to obtain an accurate count before the
formal intervention plan is begun

Question 13

Compare and contrast event recording and time sampling.

Answer 13

Event Recording – the process of recording
the pinpointed behavior each time it occurs. A
chart may be used to record the time and date
of each time brushing occurs on each day of a
two week period

Time Sampling – a specific time period is
selected and the patient counts the frequency
the behavior occurs during the time frame. (
nail biting)

Question 14

Identify why a chart is important.

Answer 14

Event recording- The process of recording the pinpointed behavior each time it occurs
A chart may be used to record the time and date
of each time brushing occurs on each day of a
two week period

Question 15

Determine when a diary can be useful.

Answer 15

Time sampling

Question 16

Explain the importance of a contract to obtain baseline data.

Answer 16

1st step in changing behavior