Behavior Management Flashcards
2 principles to increase or decrease behavior
- All behavior is learned
2. Your behavior is a function of environment
Increasing Appropriate Behavior
Events that have the greatest
wish to alter
effect on a behavior are those that occur “just before” or those that occur “just after” the event
Step 1 - Pinpoint the behavior we
antecedents examples
Examples:
• Sight of a police car → car slows down
• Getting in a car → smoking a cigarette
consequences examples
Examples: §Employee performs well → raise in pay §Walk in the rain → get wet §Eat sweets → get cavities §Studying → obtain good grades §Child cooperates → receive a priz
State which consequences are most important in
influencing the strength of a behavior
consequences
immediately following a behavior
List three basic principles in choosing reinforcers
and relate the importance of each.
• Reinforcers have to have positive consequences for
the individual seeking to change
• Reinforcers must be relatively strong
• Reinforcers must be accessible
List and describe the three types of reinforcers
Material: such as stickers for a child. Problems
- may be costly and it must be clearly
structured in order to be effective Activity: such as TV after studying Problems: 1. pt often suggest that they deny an
activity if they fail to perform
(punishment) or 2. give themselves the
reinforcer whether or not they performed
the behavior Social: such as praise, hugging, feedback.
Most available reinforcer and in many
ways the most effective.
Discuss the ethical issue related to rewards
could become bribery
4 Principles of Reinforcement
- Start with the least disruptive and least amount of
intervention (typically social reinforcement) - Combine material or activity reinforcer with some
form of social - Be open with everyone about what you are doing
- Be open to change
Describe two strategies that can be used in
breaking the chain of events to eliminate a
behavior
na
Define extinction and give an example
gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.
example: teach dog to shake hands yet stop practicing or rewarding skill so dog does not know trick anymore
Describe what to do if little or no change occurs in a
change project
• Problem solving with the patient • Rechecking stage or readiness to change • Checking reinforcement process and rewards • Modifying expectations
When in the maintenance phase, discuss how to
eliminate the reward or support system
6 months
decrease external rewards
decrease support
Stimulus Control
• Arranging situations to provide cues for the
behavior one wants to control
• “smoking chair”
Move the chair or buy a new chair!
Using Incompatible Behavior
•Identify an alternate behavior that cannot be
performed at the same time as the undesired
behavior
•The new behavior is then increased through
positive reinforcement, thus replacing the
undesired behavior
Example: Chewing gum instead of smoking. Note: mere substitution is rarely adequate to change
behavior
