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Q3 Microbiology test 1 > Intro to Bacteria II (lec 2) > Flashcards

Intro to Bacteria II (lec 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Flagella are?

purpose?

A

filament protein structure anchored to cell memb

motility (chemo-, photo-, aero- stimulated)

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2
Q

Flagella are source of what antigen

A

H antigen

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3
Q

Polar vs Peritrichous Flagella?

A

polar = on one or both ends

peritrichous = covers cell

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4
Q

Fimbriae/Pili are?

purpose?

arranged?

A

hair-like protein structures

promote adherence
pili = conjugation

peritrichously

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5
Q

Ribosomes structure?

A

bacteria = 70S (30S + 50S)

eukaryotes (fungi) = 80S (40S + 60S)

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6
Q

What antibiotics target 70S?

A

aminoglycosides (genta-, streptomycin)

macrolides (azithro, erythro)

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7
Q

Nucleoid (no membrane) contains?

allows for?

A

DNA, RNA, proteins

coupled transcription/translation (faster protein synth, faster response to environment)

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8
Q

Endospores produced by what kind of bacteria?

A

G+

endospore = cell in dormant stage

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9
Q

Endospores resist? (4)

A

desiccation
heat
disinfectants
acids

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10
Q

Protective elements of endospores? (2)

A

keratin coat

internal dipicolinic acid

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11
Q

What 2 G+ pathogens produce spores?

A

bacillus anthracis

clostridium tetani

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12
Q

Binary Fission is?

A

asexual reproduction

cell splits into daughter cells

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13
Q

4 phases of Growth Curve?

A

1) lag phase (metabolically active, not dividing)
2) LOG phase (rapid division at constant rate)
3) stationary phase (division rate = death rate, # of live cells constant)
4) death phase (no nutrient, high waste products)

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14
Q

Optimal pH for:

acidophiles

neutrophiles

alkaliphiles

A

acidophiles = < 5.4

neutrophiles = 5.4 - 8.5

alkaliphiles = > 8.5

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15
Q

Optimal temp for:

psychrophiles

mesophiles

thermophiles

A

psychrophiles = 15 -20 ºC

mesophiles = 25 - 40

thermophiles = 50 - 60

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16
Q

Obligate means?

A

physically and biochemically limited to one environment

17
Q

Facultative means?

A

physically and biochemically adaptable to different environments

18
Q

Example to Obligate Aerobe?

A

m. tuberculosis

19
Q

Example of Obligate Anaerobe?

A

c. botulinum

20
Q

Enzymes necessary for Aerobes to convert ROS?

A

SOD (Δs superoxides to H2 and H2O2)

Peroxidase/Catalase (Δs H2O2 to H2O and O2)

21
Q

Facultative Anaerobes prefer?

A

aerobic metabolism

22
Q

Facultative Anaerobes use what for metabolism in anaerobic conditions?

A

fermentation

e.g. e. coli, bacillus

23
Q

2 types of pathogenic fermentation?

A

1) lactic acid (cavities)

2) H2 gas (gangrene)

24
Q

Microaerophiles O2 requirement?

A

best in low [O2],
many are capnophiles (CO2 lovers)

e.g. t. pallidum, s. pneumo, n. gonorr

25
Q

Aerotolerant Anaerobes O2 requirement?

A

survive in O2,
don’t use O2 for metabolism

e.g. l. acidophilus

26
Q

What osmotic environment is lethal to bacteria?

A

hypertonic solutions

27
Q

Halophiles environments?

A

high salt

e.g. (facultative) v. cholera, s. aureus

28
Q

Bacterial DNA characteristics?

A

dsDNA
CCC (circle)
Supercoiled

29
Q

Plasmid is?

A

extrachromosomal DNA
not necess for survival
code for resistance, toxins
replicate autonomously

30
Q

Transformation is?

A

uptake of naked DNA from environment (product of lysed cell)

DNA recombines w/ chromo DNA is receiving cell
-> new gene expressed

31
Q

Conjugation is?

A

one-way, direct contact transfer of DNA:
larger pieces
Type IV system (slide 8)

G+ thru pheromone
G- thru pilus

32
Q

Transduction is?

A

chromosomal DNA transfer by bacteriophage (virus)

33
Q

Generalized Transduction uses what cycle?

A

Lytic Cycle: (slide 45)

bacterial DNA packed into capsid = defective phage

defective phase injects new bacteria w/ DNA

34
Q

Specialized Transduction uses what cycle?

A

Lysogenic Cycle:

phage injects viral DNA ->
vDNA inserts into bacterial chromo (lysogeny) ->
new DNA (prophage) make bacteria pathogenic

e.g. c. diptheriae, v. cholera

35
Q

What are Transponsons?

A

mobile genetic element,
inserts into bacterial chromo/plasmid,
responsible for most resistant genes

36
Q

Inclusion bodies are?

A 
glycogen storage or 
structural blocks (sulfur, polyphosphates)

Q3 Microbiology test 1 (8 decks)

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