Intro Patho & Cell Changes

Question 1

Idiopathic Etiology

Answer 1

Cause is unknown

Question 2

Iatrogenic eitology

Answer 2

Cause from unintended or unwanted medical treatment

Question 3

Multifactorial eitology

Answer 3

Has multiple etioligic factors that contribute to its development

Question 4

A __ ___ means that you may get the disease. A ___ ____ is what promotes the onset of clinical manifestations

Answer 4

Risk factor

Precipitating factor

Question 5

A ___ is a subjective feeling of abnormality in the body. A _____ is a objective or observed manifestation of disease. When there are a set of signs and so not yet determined to delineate a disease it is a ____

Answer 5

Symptom
Sign
Syndrome

Question 6

Clinical manifestations can be

Answer 6

Local, systemic
Acute, chronic
Remissions, exacerbations

Question 7

Local CM

Answer 7

Confined to one area

Question 8

Systemic CM

Answer 8

Throughout the body

Question 9

Chronic CM

Answer 9

Usually more than 6 months

Question 10

Acute CM

Answer 10

Occurs in the first days or weeks

Question 11

Remissions

Answer 11

Sx free periods

Question 12

Exacerbations

Answer 12

Flare up of so

Question 13

Goals and purpose of treatment

Answer 13

Medical, nursing, and collaboritive interventions
Eliminate and reduce cause
Eliminate and reduce CM

Question 14

Incidence

Answer 14

New cases over a time period

How many new people diagnosed with skin cancer last year?

Question 15

____ is the existing amount of cases over a time period

Answer 15

Prevelence

Question 16

Tests are judged on ___ and ____

Answer 16

Reliability

Acidity

Question 17

Reliability

Answer 17

Same results when repeated

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

Measuring what was intended

BP will not tell you patients weight

Question 19

Sensitivity

Answer 19

Correctly IDENTIFIES a condition

Question 20

Specificity

Answer 20

Correctly excludes a condition

Question 21

____ is a ___ in cell side due to a decrease in functional demand. This results in ____ ____ ____

Answer 21

Atrophy
Decrease
Reduced tissue mass

Question 22

___ is an increase in the ___ of the cell due to an increase in functional demand. This results in ___ tissue mass

Answer 22

Hypertrophic
Size
Enlarged

Question 23

____ is an increase in the ____ of cells due to an increase in functional demand and/ or increased stress. This results in ____ tissue mass

Answer 23

Hyperplasia
Number
Enlarged

Question 24

____ is undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures. This can imply more ____ cancer

Answer 24

Anaplasia

Advanced

Question 25

___ and ___ are irreversible cellular adaptations

Answer 25

Anaplasia and neoplasms

Question 26

Etiologies of cellular injury

Answer 26

``` Ischemia and hypoxia Free radicals Nutritional Infections and immunologic Chemical Physical and mechanical ```

Question 27

___ ____ are electrically uncharged atoms or group of atoms that contain an unpaired electron. They are unstable and formed by _____ _____ process such as ___ ____ and attacks proteins disrupting transport channels

Answer 27

Free radicals Oxidation/ reduction Lipid perioxidation

Question 28

___ usually occurs as a consequence of ___ or toxic injury. It is characterized by ___ ____, spilling of contents into extra cellular fluid and ____

Answer 28

Necrosis Ischemia Cell rupture Inflammation

Question 29

4 types of necrosis

Answer 29

Coagulation Liquefactive Fat Caseous

Question 30

Necrosis results in

Answer 30

``` Loss of function Inflammatory response (fever) Are a foci of infection Release intracellular proteins (test serum levels for markers) ```

Question 31

____ is cellular death in a large area of tissue. It results from interruption of ___ ____ to a particular part of the body.

Answer 31

Gangrene | Blood supply

Question 32

3 types of gangrene

Answer 32

Wet Dry Gas

Question 33

____ ___ is a form of coagulative ____ characterized by b___, d____, w___ tissue separated by a line of ____ from healthy tissue

Answer 33

``` Dry gangrene Necrosis Blackened Dry Wrinkled Demarcation ```

Question 34

_____ ___ is a form of ___ necrosis that is typically found in ___ ____ but can also be seen outwardly

Answer 34

Wet gangrene Liquefactive Internal organs

Question 35

___ ___ results from ___ of ____ tissue by anaerobic bacteria (clostidium) which is characterized by the formation of ___ ___ in damaged tissue

Answer 35

Gas gangrene Infection Necrotic Gas bubbles

Question 36

___ occurs in response to ___ that does not directly __ the cell, but triggers intracellular ___ that activate a cell ___ response. It is not always pathogenic and does not always cause ___

Answer 36

``` Apoptosis Injury Cascade Suicide Inflammation ```

Question 37

Pathophysiologic

Answer 37

Study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings Study of the etiology, pathogenesis, and CM of disease