Intro Patho & Cell Changes Flashcards
Idiopathic Etiology
Cause is unknown
Iatrogenic eitology
Cause from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
Multifactorial eitology
Has multiple etioligic factors that contribute to its development
A __ ___ means that you may get the disease. A ___ ____ is what promotes the onset of clinical manifestations
Risk factor
Precipitating factor
A ___ is a subjective feeling of abnormality in the body. A _____ is a objective or observed manifestation of disease. When there are a set of signs and so not yet determined to delineate a disease it is a ____
Symptom
Sign
Syndrome
Clinical manifestations can be
Local, systemic
Acute, chronic
Remissions, exacerbations
Local CM
Confined to one area
Systemic CM
Throughout the body
Chronic CM
Usually more than 6 months
Acute CM
Occurs in the first days or weeks
Remissions
Sx free periods
Exacerbations
Flare up of so
Goals and purpose of treatment
Medical, nursing, and collaboritive interventions
Eliminate and reduce cause
Eliminate and reduce CM
Incidence
New cases over a time period
How many new people diagnosed with skin cancer last year?
____ is the existing amount of cases over a time period
Prevelence
Tests are judged on ___ and ____
Reliability
Acidity
Reliability
Same results when repeated
Validity
Measuring what was intended
BP will not tell you patients weight
Sensitivity
Correctly IDENTIFIES a condition
Specificity
Correctly excludes a condition
____ is a ___ in cell side due to a decrease in functional demand. This results in ____ ____ ____
Atrophy
Decrease
Reduced tissue mass
___ is an increase in the ___ of the cell due to an increase in functional demand. This results in ___ tissue mass
Hypertrophic
Size
Enlarged
____ is an increase in the ____ of cells due to an increase in functional demand and/ or increased stress. This results in ____ tissue mass
Hyperplasia
Number
Enlarged
____ is undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures. This can imply more ____ cancer
Anaplasia
Advanced
___ and ___ are irreversible cellular adaptations
Anaplasia and neoplasms
Etiologies of cellular injury
Ischemia and hypoxia Free radicals Nutritional Infections and immunologic Chemical Physical and mechanical
___ ____ are electrically uncharged atoms or group of atoms that contain an unpaired electron. They are unstable and formed by _____ _____ process such as ___ ____ and attacks proteins disrupting transport channels
Free radicals
Oxidation/ reduction
Lipid perioxidation
___ usually occurs as a consequence of ___ or toxic injury. It is characterized by ___ ____, spilling of contents into extra cellular fluid and ____
Necrosis
Ischemia
Cell rupture
Inflammation
4 types of necrosis
Coagulation
Liquefactive
Fat
Caseous
Necrosis results in
Loss of function Inflammatory response (fever) Are a foci of infection Release intracellular proteins (test serum levels for markers)
____ is cellular death in a large area of tissue. It results from interruption of ___ ____ to a particular part of the body.
Gangrene
Blood supply
3 types of gangrene
Wet
Dry
Gas
____ ___ is a form of coagulative ____ characterized by b___, d____, w___ tissue separated by a line of ____ from healthy tissue
Dry gangrene Necrosis Blackened Dry Wrinkled Demarcation
_____ ___ is a form of ___ necrosis that is typically found in ___ ____ but can also be seen outwardly
Wet gangrene
Liquefactive
Internal organs
___ ___ results from ___ of ____ tissue by anaerobic bacteria (clostidium) which is characterized by the formation of ___ ___ in damaged tissue
Gas gangrene
Infection
Necrotic
Gas bubbles
___ occurs in response to ___ that does not directly __ the cell, but triggers intracellular ___ that activate a cell ___ response. It is not always pathogenic and does not always cause ___
Apoptosis Injury Cascade Suicide Inflammation
Pathophysiologic
Study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings
Study of the etiology, pathogenesis, and CM of disease
