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pt gross lec > Intro Bottom Line / Lecture > Flashcards

Intro Bottom Line / Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

study of structure of human body

A

anatomy

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2
Q

anatomy that considers body as organized into segments or parts

A

regional anatomy

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3
Q

anatomy that sees the body as organized into organ systems

A

systemic

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4
Q

anatomy that emphasizes application of anatomical knowledge to medicine

A

clinical anatomy

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5
Q

descriptive terms standardized in an international reference
guide

A

Anatomical terms

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6
Q

are often used in clinical settings but are not recommended because they do
not provide anatomical context and are not standardized.

A

Eponyms

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7
Q

are based on the body in the anatomical position

A

Anatomical directional terms

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8
Q

blank anatomical planes divide the body

A

four

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9
Q

are common and students should expect to encounter them

during dissection

A

anatomical variations

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10
Q 
consists of the epidermis, dermis, and 
specialized structures (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands)
A

integumentary system

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11
Q

three things about skin

A

protection/heat reg/sensation, synthesize/store vitamin d, features tension lines

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12
Q

contains most of the body’s

fat stores.

A

subcutaneous tissue

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13
Q

an organized connective tissue layer that completely envelops the
body beneath the subcutaneous tissue underlying the skin

A

deep fascia

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14
Q

four extensions/modifications of deep fascia

A

intermuscular septa, investing fascia, subserous fascia, hold tendons in place (retinacula)

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15
Q

closed sacs formed of serous membrane that occur in locations subject to
friction; they enable one structure to move freely over another.

A

bursae

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16
Q

four tissue types of skeleton

A

cartilage, bone, periostium, perichondrium

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17
Q

five bone classificaitons

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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18
Q

two processes of bone growth

A

intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

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19
Q

bone growth where bone subsequently replacing most of the cartilage after birth

A

endochondral ossification

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20
Q

bone growth where mesenchymal bone models are formed during the embryonic and prenatal periods

A

intramembranous ossification

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21
Q

a union between two or more bones or rigid parts of the skeleton

A

joint

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22
Q

three types of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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23
Q

most common joint

A

freely moveable synovial

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24
Q

six types of freely moveable synovial

A

plane, hinge, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, pivot

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25
freely movable synovial joints receive blood from blank arteries and blank
articular, anastomoses
26
freely movable synovial joints are richly innervated by blank
articular nerves
27
six muscle types
flat, pennate, fusiform, quadrate, sphincteral, multihead/multibelly
28
skeletal muscle functions by
contracting
29
muscles primarily responsible for particular movements.
prime movers (agonists)
30
muscles that “fix” a part of a limb while another part of the limb is moving
fixators
31
muscles that augment the action of prime movers
synergists
32
blank muscles oppose the actions of another muscle
antagonists
33
muscle is a striated muscle type found in the walls of the heart, or myocardium
cardiac
34
smooth muscle is not blank
striated
35
smooth and cardiac muscle are innervated by blank
ANS
36
three coats of blood vessels
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia
37
two fibers in arteries
elastic, muscle
38
drains surplus fluid from the extracellular spaces to the | bloodstream.
lymphoid system
39
two divisions of nervous system
CNS, PNS
40
three components of a neuron
cell body, dendrite, axon
41
transmit impulses to other neurons or to a target organ or muscle, or in the case of sensory nerves, transmit impulses to the CNS from peripheral sensory organs.
nerve fibers
42
Within the CNS, a collection of nerve cell bodies is called a
nucleus
43
in the PNS, | nerve cell body aggregations (or even solitary nerve cell bodies) constitute a
ganglion
44
In the CNS, a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the nuclei is called a
tract
45
in the PNS, a bundle of nerve fibers, the connective tissue holding it together, and the blood vessels serving it (vasa nervorum) constitute a
nerve
46
most cranial nerves convey | a variety of
fibers... not just motor or sensory
47
s a subdivision of the motor nervous system that | controls functions of the body not under conscious control.
ans
48
two neuron fibers that connect the CNS with an end | organ
presynaptic, postsynaptic
49
Based on the location of the cell body of the presynaptic fibers, the ANS can be subdivided into two divisions
sympathetic, parasympathetic
50
Presynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic division are found only in the blank
thoracolumbar spinal cord
51
presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibers terminate in blank
sympathetic ganglia
52
Sympathetic ganglia are in the blank or blank
paravertebral ganglia, prevertebral ganglia
53
Cell bodies of the presynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic division are in the blank and blank
gray matter of brainstem, sacral segments of spinal cord
54
Cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the trunk are located in or on the
structure being innervated
55
cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons in the head are organized into discrete
ganglia
56
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions usually have opposite but coordinated blank
effects
57
Some nerves distributing autonomic nerve fibers to the body cavities also convey blank nerve fibers
visceral sensory
58
these techniques enable the visualization of anatomy in living people
medical imaging
59
The primary goal of medical imaging is, of course, to
detect pathology
60
a sound knowledge of radiologic anatomy is required to distinguish pathologies and abnormalities from
normal anatomy
61
motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
62
everyday activity that latissimus dorsi does
wiping
63
nervous is functionally divided into these two divisions
ANS, SNS
64
fibers that innervate joints, skin, and skeletal muscle
somatosensory fibers
65
fibers that innervate skeletal muscle
somatomotor fibers
66
fibers that innervate glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
visceromotor fibers
67
fibers that innervate vessels and viscera
viscerosensory fibers
68
a nerve can carry many different types of blank
fibers
69
in PNS there are blank cranial nerves and blank spinal nerves
12, 31 (plus spinal root of XI)
70
cranial nerves begin in the blank
brainstem
71
provides general sensory and motor innervation to all of the body
somatic nervous system
72
this system does touch, pain, temperature, and position
somatic sensory system
73
this system does all voluntary and reflexive movements
somatic motor system
74
learn i 41 in the book including posterior primary ramus, anterior primary ramus, thing in the middle,
okay
75
a reflex synapses in the blank not blank
spinal cord, brain
76
controls movement of involuntary musculature and glands
visceral motor system
77
visceral motor system is part of the blank systenm
autonomic nervous
78
between pages 58 - 61 look at diagrams
okay
79
cell bodies of sympathetic visceral motor system reside in blank
intermediolateral cell columns
80
intermediolateral cell columns are part of blank matter from blank to blank segments
gray, T1, L3
81
cell bodies of sympathetic visceral motor exit through blank then through blank
anterior primary rami, white rami communicantes
82
sympathetic presynaptic fibers synapse usually at the blank column at the blank ganglia
paravertebral column, sympathetic
83
white rami communicantes is blank and blank from the spinal nerve
in, farther
84
gray rami communicantes is blank and is blank to the spinal nerve
out, closer to
85
the blank column is sympathetic and serves viscera unlike the paravertebral column
prevertebral
86
parasympathetic cell bodies reside in blank and blank
sacral gray matter (S2-S4), brainstem gray matter (CN 3,7,9,10)

pt gross lec (11 decks)

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