Intro Flashcards by Francis Mendoza

anatomy that considers the organization of the human body as major parts … ex) head

regional

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anatomy that is the knowledge of what lies under the skin using visualization techniques… things that are palpable

surface anatomy

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clinical application of surface anatomy

physical examination

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carefully prepared dissections for demonstrating anatomical structures

prosections

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study of body’s organ systems and how they work together

systemic anatomy

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anatomy that emphasizes aspects of bodily structure and function important in the practice of medicine

clinical anatomy

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vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body

median (sagittal)

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vertical planes that pass parallel to median plane

sagittal

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vertical planes that create anterior and posterior

frontal (coronal)

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horizontal planes passing through middle of body to make superior and anterior

transverse

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used instead of anterior for brain

rostral

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something occurring on the same side of the body as another structure

ipsilateral

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occurring on the opposite side of the body as another structure

contralateral

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layer of skin that is cellular

epidermis

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layer of skin that has deep connective tissue

dermis

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also called wrinkles

tension lines

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fascia composed mostly of loose connective tissue and stored fat and sweat glands

subcutaneous fascia (tissue)

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small fibrous bands from subcutaneous fascia to underlying deep fascia

skin ligaments

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dense connective tissue fascia that insulates materials

deep fascia

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thick sheets of deep fascia separate fascial compartments and attach to bones

intermuscular septa

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near some joints, deep fascia thickens, forming a blank to hold tendons in place

retinaculum

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lies between internal surfaces of musculoskeletal walls and serous membranes lining body cavities

subserous fascia

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closed sacs or envelopes of serous membrane

bursae

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resilient connective tissue that is flexibile

cartilage

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fibrous connective tissue surrounding bones

periosteum

fibrous connective tissue surrounding cartilage

perichondrium

little cavities in spongy bone

spicules

shaft of bone ossified from the primary ossification center is the blank

diaphysis

part of bone ossified from secondary ossification centers

epiphyses

flared part of diaphyses near the epiphyses

metaphyses

growth plate

epiphysial plate

microscopic canal systems in bones

haversian systems

nerves in bone that cause constriction or dilation of blood vessels. thus regulating blood flow through marrow

periosteal nerves

small irregular worm like bones

sutural bones

fibrous joint uniting bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue

syndesmosis

primary cartilaginous joints have bones united by blank

hyaline cartilage

secondary cartilaginous joints are slightly movable united by blank

fibrocartilage

states that the nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments

Hilton law

hole in baby's heads

fontanelles

tendons of some muscles form flat sheets called

aponeuroses

muscles with parallel fibers often with aponeuroses

flat

muscles feather like

pennate

muscles that are splindle shaped with a round thick belly like biceps

fusiform

muscles from broad area come together and form a single tendon like pectoralis major

convergent

muscles with four equal sides like rectus abdominis

quadrate muscles

muscles that surround a body opening or orifice that constrict

sphincteral

more than one head muscles or more than one belly (triceps)

multiheaded/multibellied

two types of isotonic contraction

concentric, eccentric

muscle that resists dislocating forces in joints

shunt muscle

more capable of rapid and effective movements muscle type

spurt muscle

muscular wall of heart

myocardium

inner lining of blood vessel consisting of single layer of flat epithelial cells

tunica intima (endothelium)

middle layer of blood vessel that is smooth muscle

tunica media

outer connective tissue layer of blood vessel

tunica adventitia

communication between multiple branches of an artery provide detours for blood flow in case the usual pathway is obstructed

anastomoses

arteries without anastomoses are blank arteries

true terminal arteries

a venous system linking two capillary beds is called a blank

portal venous system

network of lymphatic capillaries that originate blindly in the extracellular spaces of most tissues

lymphatic plexuses

tissue fluid that is found almost everywhere in the body

lymph

small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph vessels

lymph nodes

circulating cells of the immune system that react against foreign materials

lymphocytes

parts of the body that produce lymphocytes, such as the thymus

lymphoid organ

duct that drains lymph from the body's upper right quadrant

right lymphatic duct

duct that drains lymph from the remainder of the body

thoracic duct

neurons with two or more dendrites and a single axon... most common type of neuron

multipolar motor neurons

neurons with short single process extending from the cell body

pseudounipolar sensory neurons

five times as abundant as neurons and are non excitable

neuroglia

these two things protect the CNS

csf, meninges

CSF is located between these two layers

pia, arachnoid

consists of axon, neurolemma, and surrounding endoneural connective tissue

nerve fiber

consists of the cell membranes of Schwann cells that immediatly surround axon that separates it from other axons

neurolemma

delicate connective tissue immediately surrounding the neurilemma cells and axons

endoneurium

layer of dense connective tissue that encloses a fascicle of nerve fibers

perineurium

thick connective tissue sheath that surrounds and encloses a bundle of fascicles

epineurium

nerve root that is efferent

ventral

nerve root that is afferent

dorsal

muscle mass receiving innervation by a single spinal nerve... like a dermatome

myotome

nerves that convey visceral efferent and afferent fibers to and from the viscera of the body cavities

splanchnic nerves

mri is better than ct scans for blank

tissue differentiation

posterior is blank

afferent

anterior is blank

efferent

ramus is the first blank

branch

most major nerves in the body are collections of blank

anterior rami

plexuses are gatherings of blank not blank

anterior rami, posterior rami

posterior rami only go to blank and blank

back muscles, skin

ganglion is collection of cell bodies outside blank

CNS

roots and rami are blank

unidirectional

white is blank

sensory, in

gray is blank

motor, out

these nerves are parasympathetic

3,7,9,10

branches to the heart, bronchi, kidney, gi tract... major cranial nerve

vagus