Intro Bonding

Question 1

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 1

Rule referring to tendency of atoms to prefer 8 electrons in valence shell

Question 2

What are periodic trends of Valence Electrons in groups?

Answer 2

• Group 1: 1 VE
• Group 2: 2 VE
• Group 13: 3 VE
• Group 14: 4 VE
• Group 15: 5 VE
• Group 16: 6 VE
• Group 17: 7 VE
• Group 18: 8 VE

Noble gases (group 18) are the most stable–they don’t bond)

Question 3

What are the two types of Ions? What do they indicate?

Answer 3

• Cations (positive): Lost electrons
• Anions (negative): Gained electrons

Question 4

What are Periodic Trends of what groups need to become stable?

Answer 4

• Group 1 (+1): Lose 1 electron
• Group 2 (+2): Lose 2 electrons
• Group 13 (+3): Lose 3 electrons
• Group 17 (-1): Gain 1 electron
• Group 16 (-2): Gain 2 electrons
• Group 15 (-3): Gain 3 electrons

(group 14 can either gain or lose 4 neutrons)

Question 5

What are characteristics of Cations and Anions?

Answer 5

• Cations (positive ions): Metals/smaller than atom they formed from
• Anions (negative Ions): Nonmetals/larger than atom they formed from

Question 6

What is the force by which atoms attract electrons?

Answer 6

Electronegativity

Question 7

Which form of bonding is stronger, Ionic or Covalent, and why?

Answer 7

Ionic bonds are stronger because electronegative (EN) difference between the atoms involved is higher than in covalent bonds

Question 8

What does Electronegative (EN) Difference between two atoms determine?

Answer 8

It will determine the type of bond/compound the atoms form

• <0.4: Nonpolar Covalent bond
• >0.4 – <1.7: Polar Covalent bond
• >1.7: Ionic bond

Question 9

Which atoms create which bonds?

Answer 9

• Metals + Nonmetals (cations + anions): Ionic bond
• Nonmetals + Nonmetals (anions + anions): Covalent bond
• Metals + Metals (cations + cations): Metallic bond